Cardiovascular System: Blood Chapter 18 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

  • Sympathetic (correct)
  • Autonomic
  • Somatic
  • Parasympathetic

    • Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?

  • Before reaching the ganglia
  • After leaving the spinal cord (correct)
  • At the collateral ganglia
  • Before branching to various organs

    • Which division of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

  • Thoracic (correct)
  • Lumbar
  • Cervical
  • Sacral

    • Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is absent in erythrocytes?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a pulse oximeter?

    <p>Measuring oxygen saturation in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a shortage of RBC stem cells?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is involved in attacking bacteria and is the most common granular leukocyte?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of basophils in the immune system?

    <p>Intensifying inflammation like mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons in erythrocytes?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Irregular shape of erythrocytes and less oxygen carried</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from too few leukocytes?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to polycythemia?

    <p>Excessive plasma levels resulting in increased blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Turning into macrophages and dendritic cells to clean up the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

    <p>Producing antibodies to fight off infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?

    <p>Protects the fetus from immune rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholecystokinin?

    <p>Promotes bile production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?

    <p>Inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

    <p>Stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of vitamin D?

    <p>Calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fibroblast growth factor 23 do in the body?

    <p>Inhibits calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces insulin like growth factor?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases sodium levels?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element comes from carbohydrates and sugars used as fuel for the body?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

    <p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

    <p>Lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces and secretes melatonin?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone makes a person feel full after eating and regulates bone metabolism?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Cushing’s disease?

    <p>Too much cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone develops the male reproductive system and causes maturation of sperm cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of iodine in the formation of thyroid hormone?

    <p>Attaches to tyrosine to form thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone works on a negative feedback loop?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

    <p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the pineal gland to inhibit melatonin secretion?

    <p>Photons of light stimulating the retina of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor to angiotensin that helps regulate blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases with aging?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of white blood cells (WBC) in the body?

    <p>Protect from external and internal threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein transports fatty acids and steroid hormones in the plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of erythrocytes in blood?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur in the body?

    <p>Red marrow in bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes erythrocyte production?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythrocytes?

    <p>Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common plasma protein?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates resistance to disease?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells mature in bone marrow?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is important for clotting?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers run to the adrenal medulla and have no synapse in a ganglia?

    <p>Sympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?

    <p>Cholinergic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, spread through the length of the nerve?

    <p>Varicosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are important for autonomic reflexes, especially in maintaining blood pressure?

    <p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autonomic reflexes, where must a long reflex synapse?

    <p>In the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system experiences autonomic tone, where one system exerts much more control than the other system normally does?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves BP and HR increasing when a person stands up and changes head altitude?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Referred pain" occurs when conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area. Which organs are mentioned as examples of this phenomenon?

    <p>Heart, spleen, appendix, ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis by responding to neurotransmitters released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

    <p>Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autonomic reflexes, what type of response is produced in the periphery if a short reflex occurs?

    <p>Efferent response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hypothalamus receive input from?

    <p>The forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardiovascular center responsible for?

    <p>Increasing heart output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs reduce the sympathetic response?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormones are secreted by endocrine organs?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to in order to cause a change?

    <p>Hormone receptor in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone receptor is activated by amino acid hormones?

    <p>Receptor in the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

    <p>Activates proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?

    <p>Promoting protein synthesis and tissue building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a cell undergoes upregulation?

    <p>The target cell receptors increase and become more sensitive to a hormone or a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is like the command center for the endocrine system?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?

    <p>Stimulates positive feedback loop associated with childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?

    <p>Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones enable another hormone to act?

    <p>Permissive effect hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the result of too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Increased protein synthesis and tissue building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does downregulation impact cells?

    <p>They decrease the number of receptors due to lots of stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Activating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prolactin if a woman is not pregnant?

    <p>Restricted by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) from the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls reproductive activity and the end of reproduction in women?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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