Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
- Sympathetic (correct)
- Autonomic
- Somatic
- Parasympathetic
Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?
Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?
- Before reaching the ganglia
- After leaving the spinal cord (correct)
- At the collateral ganglia
- Before branching to various organs
Which division of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Which division of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
- Thoracic (correct)
- Lumbar
- Cervical
- Sacral
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?
Which organelle is absent in erythrocytes?
Which organelle is absent in erythrocytes?
What is the function of a pulse oximeter?
What is the function of a pulse oximeter?
Which condition results from a shortage of RBC stem cells?
Which condition results from a shortage of RBC stem cells?
Which leukocyte is involved in attacking bacteria and is the most common granular leukocyte?
Which leukocyte is involved in attacking bacteria and is the most common granular leukocyte?
What is the function of basophils in the immune system?
What is the function of basophils in the immune system?
What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons in erythrocytes?
What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons in erythrocytes?
What causes sickle cell anemia?
What causes sickle cell anemia?
What condition results from too few leukocytes?
What condition results from too few leukocytes?
What can lead to polycythemia?
What can lead to polycythemia?
What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?
What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?
What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?
What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?
Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?
Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?
What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?
What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?
Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?
Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?
Which hormone is responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?
Which hormone is responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?
What is the function of cholecystokinin?
What is the function of cholecystokinin?
What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?
What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What does fibroblast growth factor 23 do in the body?
What does fibroblast growth factor 23 do in the body?
Which organ produces insulin like growth factor?
Which organ produces insulin like growth factor?
Which hormone increases sodium levels?
Which hormone increases sodium levels?
What element comes from carbohydrates and sugars used as fuel for the body?
What element comes from carbohydrates and sugars used as fuel for the body?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?
What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?
Which gland produces and secretes melatonin?
Which gland produces and secretes melatonin?
Which hormone makes a person feel full after eating and regulates bone metabolism?
Which hormone makes a person feel full after eating and regulates bone metabolism?
What causes Cushing’s disease?
What causes Cushing’s disease?
Which hormone develops the male reproductive system and causes maturation of sperm cells?
Which hormone develops the male reproductive system and causes maturation of sperm cells?
What is the role of iodine in the formation of thyroid hormone?
What is the role of iodine in the formation of thyroid hormone?
Which hormone works on a negative feedback loop?
Which hormone works on a negative feedback loop?
What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?
Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?
What stimulates the pineal gland to inhibit melatonin secretion?
What stimulates the pineal gland to inhibit melatonin secretion?
What is the precursor to angiotensin that helps regulate blood pressure?
What is the precursor to angiotensin that helps regulate blood pressure?
Which hormone decreases with aging?
Which hormone decreases with aging?
What is the function of white blood cells (WBC) in the body?
What is the function of white blood cells (WBC) in the body?
Which protein transports fatty acids and steroid hormones in the plasma?
Which protein transports fatty acids and steroid hormones in the plasma?
What is the approximate percentage of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the approximate percentage of erythrocytes in blood?
Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur in the body?
Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur in the body?
What causes erythrocyte production?
What causes erythrocyte production?
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
What is the most common plasma protein?
What is the most common plasma protein?
What stimulates resistance to disease?
What stimulates resistance to disease?
Which cells mature in bone marrow?
Which cells mature in bone marrow?
What protein is important for clotting?
What protein is important for clotting?
What type of fibers run to the adrenal medulla and have no synapse in a ganglia?
What type of fibers run to the adrenal medulla and have no synapse in a ganglia?
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?
Which type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?
Which type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?
What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, spread through the length of the nerve?
What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, spread through the length of the nerve?
Which receptors are important for autonomic reflexes, especially in maintaining blood pressure?
Which receptors are important for autonomic reflexes, especially in maintaining blood pressure?
In autonomic reflexes, where must a long reflex synapse?
In autonomic reflexes, where must a long reflex synapse?
Which system experiences autonomic tone, where one system exerts much more control than the other system normally does?
Which system experiences autonomic tone, where one system exerts much more control than the other system normally does?
Which condition involves BP and HR increasing when a person stands up and changes head altitude?
Which condition involves BP and HR increasing when a person stands up and changes head altitude?
"Referred pain" occurs when conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area. Which organs are mentioned as examples of this phenomenon?
"Referred pain" occurs when conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area. Which organs are mentioned as examples of this phenomenon?
Which receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis by responding to neurotransmitters released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
Which receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis by responding to neurotransmitters released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
In autonomic reflexes, what type of response is produced in the periphery if a short reflex occurs?
In autonomic reflexes, what type of response is produced in the periphery if a short reflex occurs?
What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?
What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?
Where does the hypothalamus receive input from?
Where does the hypothalamus receive input from?
Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?
Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?
What is the cardiovascular center responsible for?
What is the cardiovascular center responsible for?
Which of the following drugs reduce the sympathetic response?
Which of the following drugs reduce the sympathetic response?
What type of hormones are secreted by endocrine organs?
What type of hormones are secreted by endocrine organs?
Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to in order to cause a change?
Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to in order to cause a change?
Which hormone receptor is activated by amino acid hormones?
Which hormone receptor is activated by amino acid hormones?
What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?
What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?
What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?
What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?
Which hormone stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?
Which hormone stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?
What happens when a cell undergoes upregulation?
What happens when a cell undergoes upregulation?
Which gland is like the command center for the endocrine system?
Which gland is like the command center for the endocrine system?
What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?
What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?
How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?
How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?
Which hormones enable another hormone to act?
Which hormones enable another hormone to act?
What would be the result of too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
What would be the result of too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
How does downregulation impact cells?
How does downregulation impact cells?
What is the primary function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?
What is the primary function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?
What is the role of prolactin if a woman is not pregnant?
What is the role of prolactin if a woman is not pregnant?
What controls reproductive activity and the end of reproduction in women?
What controls reproductive activity and the end of reproduction in women?
