Cardiovascular System: Blood Chapter 18 Quiz

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Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Sympathetic (correct)

Autonomic

Somatic

Parasympathetic

Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?

Before reaching the ganglia

After leaving the spinal cord (correct)

At the collateral ganglia

Before branching to various organs

Which division of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Thoracic (correct)

Lumbar

Cervical

Sacral

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?

Parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is absent in erythrocytes?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a pulse oximeter?

Measuring oxygen saturation in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from a shortage of RBC stem cells?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is involved in attacking bacteria and is the most common granular leukocyte?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basophils in the immune system?

Intensifying inflammation like mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons in erythrocytes?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Irregular shape of erythrocytes and less oxygen carried Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from too few leukocytes?

Leukopenia Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to polycythemia?

Excessive plasma levels resulting in increased blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?

Turning into macrophages and dendritic cells to clean up the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

Producing antibodies to fight off infections Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?

Protects the fetus from immune rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?

Gastrin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

Promotes bile production Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?

Inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

What does fibroblast growth factor 23 do in the body?

Inhibits calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces insulin like growth factor?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases sodium levels?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What element comes from carbohydrates and sugars used as fuel for the body?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

Increases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

Lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces and secretes melatonin?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone makes a person feel full after eating and regulates bone metabolism?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What causes Cushing’s disease?

Too much cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone develops the male reproductive system and causes maturation of sperm cells?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of iodine in the formation of thyroid hormone?

Attaches to tyrosine to form thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone works on a negative feedback loop?

TSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

Decreases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

Increases blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?

Androgens Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the pineal gland to inhibit melatonin secretion?

Photons of light stimulating the retina of the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor to angiotensin that helps regulate blood pressure?

Angiotensinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with aging?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of white blood cells (WBC) in the body?

Protect from external and internal threats Signup and view all the answers

Which protein transports fatty acids and steroid hormones in the plasma?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of erythrocytes in blood?

45% Signup and view all the answers

Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur in the body?

Red marrow in bones Signup and view all the answers

What causes erythrocyte production?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common plasma protein?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates resistance to disease?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which cells mature in bone marrow?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What protein is important for clotting?

Fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers run to the adrenal medulla and have no synapse in a ganglia?

Sympathetic fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

CN III Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?

Cholinergic synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, spread through the length of the nerve?

Varicosity Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are important for autonomic reflexes, especially in maintaining blood pressure?

Baroreceptors Signup and view all the answers

In autonomic reflexes, where must a long reflex synapse?

In the CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which system experiences autonomic tone, where one system exerts much more control than the other system normally does?

Cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves BP and HR increasing when a person stands up and changes head altitude?

Orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

"Referred pain" occurs when conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area. Which organs are mentioned as examples of this phenomenon?

Heart, spleen, appendix, ovaries Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis by responding to neurotransmitters released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

In autonomic reflexes, what type of response is produced in the periphery if a short reflex occurs?

Efferent response Signup and view all the answers

What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the hypothalamus receive input from?

The forebrain Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiovascular center responsible for?

Increasing heart output Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs reduce the sympathetic response?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormones are secreted by endocrine organs?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to in order to cause a change?

Hormone receptor in the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone receptor is activated by amino acid hormones?

Receptor in the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

Activates proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?

Promoting protein synthesis and tissue building Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a cell undergoes upregulation?

The target cell receptors increase and become more sensitive to a hormone or a drug Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is like the command center for the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?

Stimulates positive feedback loop associated with childbirth Signup and view all the answers

How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect the kidneys?

Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones enable another hormone to act?

Permissive effect hormones Signup and view all the answers

What would be the result of too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Increased protein synthesis and tissue building Signup and view all the answers

How does downregulation impact cells?

They decrease the number of receptors due to lots of stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

Activating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolactin if a woman is not pregnant?

Restricted by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) from the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What controls reproductive activity and the end of reproduction in women?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

Cardiovascular System: Blood Chapter 18 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Where do sympathetic axons become unmyelinated?

Which division of the spinal cord gives rise to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with digestion and absorption?

Which organelle is absent in erythrocytes?

What is the function of a pulse oximeter?

Which condition results from a shortage of RBC stem cells?

Which leukocyte is involved in attacking bacteria and is the most common granular leukocyte?

What is the function of basophils in the immune system?

What is the molecule made of 4 proteins and 4 irons in erythrocytes?

What causes sickle cell anemia?

What condition results from too few leukocytes?

What can lead to polycythemia?

What is the role of monocytes in the immune system?

What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels by getting glucose into cells that need energy?

What is the role of estrogen in pregnancy?

Which hormone inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon?

Which hormone is responsible for releasing hydrochloric acid in response to stomach distention?

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?

What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

What is the active form of vitamin D?

What does fibroblast growth factor 23 do in the body?

Which organ produces insulin like growth factor?

Which hormone increases sodium levels?

What element comes from carbohydrates and sugars used as fuel for the body?

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

What is the process of breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?

Which gland produces and secretes melatonin?

Which hormone makes a person feel full after eating and regulates bone metabolism?

What causes Cushing’s disease?

Which hormone develops the male reproductive system and causes maturation of sperm cells?

What is the role of iodine in the formation of thyroid hormone?

Which hormone works on a negative feedback loop?

What is the main function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

Which hormone helps to supplement androgen production of the gonads?

What stimulates the pineal gland to inhibit melatonin secretion?

What is the precursor to angiotensin that helps regulate blood pressure?

Which hormone decreases with aging?

What is the function of white blood cells (WBC) in the body?

Which protein transports fatty acids and steroid hormones in the plasma?

What is the approximate percentage of erythrocytes in blood?

Where does hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis occur in the body?

What causes erythrocyte production?

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

What is the most common plasma protein?

What stimulates resistance to disease?

Which cells mature in bone marrow?

What protein is important for clotting?

What type of fibers run to the adrenal medulla and have no synapse in a ganglia?

Which cranial nerve carries fibers to control pupil size?

Which type of synapse is activated by acetylcholine?

What is the term for an area of a nerve that houses neurotransmitters, spread through the length of the nerve?

Which receptors are important for autonomic reflexes, especially in maintaining blood pressure?

In autonomic reflexes, where must a long reflex synapse?

Which system experiences autonomic tone, where one system exerts much more control than the other system normally does?

Which condition involves BP and HR increasing when a person stands up and changes head altitude?

"Referred pain" occurs when conscious perception of autonomic pain is felt in an unexpected area. Which organs are mentioned as examples of this phenomenon?

Which receptors are involved in maintaining homeostasis by responding to neurotransmitters released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

In autonomic reflexes, what type of response is produced in the periphery if a short reflex occurs?

What is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms?

Where does the hypothalamus receive input from?

Which part of the brain is involved in memory and emotional response?

What is the cardiovascular center responsible for?

Which of the following drugs reduce the sympathetic response?

What type of hormones are secreted by endocrine organs?

Where do lipid soluble hormones travel to in order to cause a change?

Which hormone receptor is activated by amino acid hormones?

What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?

What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)?

Which hormone stimulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?

What happens when a cell undergoes upregulation?

Which gland is like the command center for the endocrine system?

What is the role of oxytocin during childbirth?