24 Questions
What is the most common cause of sickled RBC clogging vessels?
Iron deficiency anemia
Which type of leukocyte has a nucleus with multiple lobes and a lifespan of hours to days?
Neutrophils
What do eosinophils primarily target for phagocytosis?
Parasitic worms
Which leukocyte type intensifies the inflammatory response and releases histamine and heparin?
Basophils
Which type of immunity do B and T cells contribute to?
Specific immunity
What is the condition characterized by too few leukocytes being produced, leading to an inability to fight off disease?
Leukopenia
What is the main function of white blood cells in the cardiovascular system?
Protecting the body from infections
Which of the following is a characteristic of blood plasma?
It transports fatty acids and steroid hormones
What is the primary role of fibrinogen in the blood?
Assisting in blood clotting
What type of stem cell becomes erythrocytes (red blood cells) and platelets?
Myeloid stem cell
What stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels?
EPO (erythropoietin)
What is the purpose of a bone marrow biopsy as mentioned in the text?
To detect forms of anemia and cancer
What is the main function of platelets in the blood?
To stop blood flow following damage to a vessel
Which condition is characterized by overproduction of young, immature leukocytes?
Acute leukemia
What triggers the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?
Trauma
Which vitamin is required by the liver for many clotting factors?
Vitamin K
What is the primary function of fibrinolysis?
Degradation of the blood clot by plasmin
Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of a clotting factor?
Hemophilia
What happens if a thrombus breaks free and gets trapped in a vessel?
It becomes an embolus
What does aspirin inhibit in the blood?
Formation of platelet plugs
What is the ABO group determined by?
Presence or absence of A and B antigens
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
O-
What happens when RBCs with foreign antigens trigger an immune response?
They undergo hemolysis releasing hemoglobin into the bloodstream
Which process leads to the gradual degradation of a blood clot?
Fibrinolysis
Study Notes
Blood Cells and Immunity
- Sickle cell disease causes RBCs to clog vessels, leading to organ damage and pain, often due to deoxygenation.
Leukocytes
- Neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus and a short lifespan, ranging from hours to days.
- Eosinophils primarily target parasites for phagocytosis.
- Basophils intensify the inflammatory response and release histamine and heparin.
Immunity
- B and T cells contribute to adaptive immunity, which involves specific recognition of pathogens.
Leukocyte Disorders
- Leukopenia is a condition characterized by too few leukocytes being produced, leading to an inability to fight off diseases.
Blood Functions
- White blood cells (WBCs) play a crucial role in the cardiovascular system, primarily fighting infections.
Blood Plasma
- Blood plasma is a characteristic of blood that makes up approximately 55% of its total volume.
Coagulation
- Fibrinogen plays a primary role in blood coagulation, forming fibrin clots.
- Hemocytoblasts, a type of stem cell, become erythrocytes (red blood cells) and platelets.
Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
- A bone marrow biopsy is used to examine the production of blood cells and detect any abnormalities.
Platelet Function
- Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting, primarily by forming a platelet plug.
Leukocyte Disorders
- Leukemias are characterized by an overproduction of young, immature leukocytes.
Coagulation Pathways
- Tissue factor triggers the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Vitamin K
- Vitamin K is required by the liver for the production of many clotting factors.
Fibrinolysis
- Fibrinolysis is the process of breaking down fibrin clots, allowing blood flow to resume.
Coagulation Disorders
- Hemophilia is a disorder characterized by a deficiency of a clotting factor.
Thrombus
- If a thrombus breaks free and gets trapped in a vessel, it can cause an embolism.
Aspirin
- Aspirin inhibits the production of thromboxane, a platelet aggregator.
ABO Blood Group
- The ABO blood group is determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells.
Universal Donor
- Type O negative blood is considered the universal donor, as it can be transfused to anyone without triggering an immune response.
Blood Transfusion
- If RBCs with foreign antigens trigger an immune response, it can lead to a hemolytic reaction.
Fibrinolysis
- Fibrinolysis leads to the gradual degradation of a blood clot, allowing blood flow to resume.
Test your knowledge of the composition and functions of blood in the cardiovascular system. This quiz covers topics such as the components of blood, transportation of substances, defense mechanisms, and the role of blood in maintaining homeostasis.
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