Module 2 Questions Part 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Carry blood away from the heart (correct)

Remove waste products from cells

Store blood for emergencies

Transport hormones and enzymes

Carry blood to the lungs

Which tunic of the arterial wall contains endothelium?

Tunica externa

Basement membrane

Vasa vasorum

Tunica media

Tunica interna (correct)

What occurs during vasoconstriction?

Elastic fibers in arteries degrade.

Veins constrict to prevent backflow.

Smooth muscles contract, and blood flow decreases. (correct)

Arterial walls thicken due to collagen accumulation.

Smooth muscles relax, and blood flow increases.

Which type of artery has the largest diameters and fluctuates in pressure?

Elastic arteries Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for regulating blood flow into capillary networks?

Precapillary sphincters Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of continuous capillaries?

They have no gaps between endothelial cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vein directly drains capillary networks?

Venules Signup and view all the answers

What defines turbulent blood flow?

Interrupted and chaotic Signup and view all the answers

What does Starling's Law of the Capillary state?

Filtration and reabsorption are nearly equal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant layer of a large vein?

Tunica externa Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel type has the thickest walls and greatest ability to regulate blood flow?

Muscular arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fenestrated capillaries?

Enhance permeability for filtration Signup and view all the answers

What happens when venous tone increases?

Venous return to the heart increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding laminar blood flow?

Blood flows in concentric circles. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism ensures venous blood returns to the heart efficiently?

Skeletal muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure drives fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end?

Blood hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What are vasa vasorum?

Blood vessels that supply the walls of larger blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What defines arteriosclerosis?

Hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for capillary wall permeability?

Fenestrations Signup and view all the answers

Which portal vein system connects the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system Signup and view all the answers

Which capillary type is most commonly found in muscle and nervous tissue?

Continuous capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What type of capillary is characterized by large fenestrae and minimal basement membrane?

Sinusoidal capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What term describes veins that begin and end in capillary networks?

Portal veins Signup and view all the answers

Which capillary mechanism is responsible for moving large molecules like proteins?

Transcytosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of vessel is most responsible for directing blood flow to tissues?

Muscular arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel type is most affected by sympathetic stimulation to increase venous return?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the venous end of a capillary according to Starling's law?

Reabsorption exceeds filtration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the tunica media in arteries?

Composed of smooth muscle arranged circularly around the vessel. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel layer merges with surrounding connective tissue?

Tunica externa Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves plaque deposition on arterial walls?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels allow for the most rapid exchange of large molecules?

Sinusoidal capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of precapillary sphincters?

Regulate blood flow into capillary networks. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood pressure measurement corresponds to the relaxation of the heart?

Diastolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism contributes to venous blood flow in the legs?

Skeletal muscle pumps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of hydrostatic pressure?

Blood pressure in arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary?

Hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of elastic arteries?

Withstand high-pressure fluctuations. Signup and view all the answers

Where are valves more numerous in veins?

Veins of the lower extremities Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes thoroughfare channels from true capillaries?

They provide a direct path for blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What defines venoconstriction?

Increased venous return to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel type is most important for nutrient and gas exchange?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood flow when resistance increases?

Blood flow decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves lipid-soluble molecules across capillary walls?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of muscular arteries?

They regulate blood supply to regions of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What creates Korotkoff sounds during blood pressure measurement?

Turbulent blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What happens to capillary permeability during inflammation?

Increases to allow immune cell passage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)?

Drives fluid into capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

How does arterial pressure change as blood moves to capillaries?

Decreases significantly Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant type of pressure at the venous end of a capillary?

Osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of skeletal muscle contraction on veins?

Forces blood toward the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System - Arteries and Veins

Artery Function: Carry blood away from the heart.
Artery Tunic Containing Endothelium: Tunica interna.
Vasoconstriction: Smooth muscles contract, decreasing blood flow.
Elastic Arteries: Largest diameters, fluctuate in pressure.
Capillary Network Regulation: Precapillary sphincters regulate flow.
Continuous Capillaries: No gaps between endothelial cells.
Venule Role: Directly drain capillary networks.
Turbulent Blood Flow: Interrupted and chaotic flow.
Starling's Law: Filtration and reabsorption in capillaries are nearly equal.
Large Vein Predominant Layer: Tunica externa.
Blood Vessel Regulating Blood Flow: Muscular arteries have thickest walls and greatest ability to regulate flow.
Fenestrated Capillary Role: Facilitate large molecule transport and filtration.
Venous Tone Increase: Venous return to heart increases.
Laminar Blood Flow: Concentric circles.
Venous Return Mechanisms: Skeletal muscle contraction, increased arterial pressure.
Fluid Out of Capillaries: Driven by blood hydrostatic pressure.
Arteriosclerosis Definition: Hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries, due to plaque buildup in arterial walls .
Capillary Permeability: Maintained by structures like fenestrations.
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System: Connects hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Common Capillary Type: Continuous capillaries in muscle and nervous tissue.
Sinusoidal Capillaries: Large fenestrae and minimal basement membrane, facilitates large molecule passage.
Portal Veins: Veins that begin and end in capillary networks.
Mechanism for Protein Transport: Transcytosis.
Muscular Arteries: Regulate blood supply to specific regions of the body.
Resistance and Blood Flow: Resistance increasing, blood flow decreases.
Lipid-Soluble Molecule Movement: Diffusion.

Additional Cardiovascular Concepts

Skeletal Muscle Pumps: Assist in venous return.
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP): Drives fluid into capillaries.
Hydrostatic Pressure (HP): Forces fluid out of capillaries.
Elastic Arteries Function: Withstand high-pressure fluctuations and store blood during diastole.
Precapillary Sphincters: Control blood flow into capillaries.
Inflammation and Capillary Permeability: Increased permeability allowing immune cell passage.
Arterial Pressure Change in Capillaries: Arterial pressure decreases significantly as blood moves to capillaries.
Venous End Pressure: Predominant pressure is osmotic pressure.
Effect of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Forces blood toward heart.

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Description

Explore the intricate functions of arteries and veins in the cardiovascular system. This quiz covers key concepts such as vasoconstriction, capillary functions, and blood flow regulation. Test your knowledge on the structure and roles of different blood vessels.