40 Questions
Which ventricle is the thickest due to sending blood against gravity to the brain?
Left ventricle
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What is the structural characteristic of the heart muscle according to the text?
Uninucleated and branched
How does the cardiac muscle depolarize according to the text?
Leakage of potassium
Which structure is responsible for conducting the electrical impulses in the heart between the atria and ventricles?
AV node
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves open and the semilunar valves close?
Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole
Which segment of an electrocardiogram represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
True or False: The left ventricle sends blood to the lungs.
False
True or False: The SA node is responsible for ventricular depolarization.
False
What is the main function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Conduction of electrical impulses to the muscles of the heart chambers.
What is the composition of plasma?
Water, dissolved gasses, nutrients, waste products, proteins
Which component of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?
RBCs (Erythrocytes)
What is the function of Neutrophils in the immune system?
Phagocytize pathogens and dead cells
Which stem cell gives rise to B-cell lymphocytes?
Lymphoid stem cell
What are the steps to hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation
Which leukocytes belong to the granulocyte category?
Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils
What is the function of Macrophages in the immune system?
Phagocytize pathogens and dead neutrophils
Which pathway is involved in the process of coagulation during hemostasis?
Extrinsic pathway, Intrinsic pathway, Common pathway
What is the main function of Thrombocytes in blood clotting?
Assist in clot retraction
Where are R and L atrium and ventricle located in the heart?
(Same location), Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
What is the main difference between Granulocytes and Agranulocytes?
Granulocytes are derived from myeloid stem cells, whereas Agranulocytes are derived from lymphoid stem cells.
Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for phagocytizing antigen-antibody complexes and allergens?
Monocytes
What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells in the body?
Destroy cancer cells and viruses
Which part of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle?
Epicardium
What is the role of reticulocytes in the process of RBC formation?
They are immature RBCs that develop into mature erythrocytes
Which part of blood plays a crucial role in forming a Platelet plug during hemostasis?
Buffy Coat
What is the primary function of Basophils in the immune system?
Secrete heparin and histamine in allergic reactions
What is the composition of Hemoglobin in RBCs?
4 heme groups and protein
What is the main function of Eosinophils in the immune system?
Combat parasitic worms
What is the process by which Erythrocytes recycle hemoglobin components?
Bilirubin to urobilinogen to stercobilin
What type of valve is the Tricuspid valve?
AV valve
What is the primary source of depolarization in autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells?
Sodium influx
Which of the following is NOT a component of the electrical conduction system of the heart?
Intercalated disc
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close?
Atrial Diastole
Which structure receives blood from the lungs in the heart?
Left atrium
What is the main function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Conduct electrical impulses between atria and ventricles
Which component is responsible for ventricular depolarization on an electrocardiogram?
QRS Complex
Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves AV valves being open and Semilunar valves closed?
Atrial Systole
Which of these vessels carry oxygen-poor blood?
Right Pulmonary Arteries
What event characterizes ventricular filling during the cardiac cycle?
Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole - AV valves OPEN, Semilunar valves CLOSED
Test your knowledge on the general functions of the cardiovascular system, composition of blood, parts of centrifuged blood, and the formed elements found in blood such as RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets.
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