Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

Which valves have chordae tendineae? (Select all that apply)

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves (correct)

Coronary valves

Valves in veins

Semilunar valves

Capillaries are?

Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Microscopic vessels in which blood exchanges material with the interstitial fluid (correct)

Thin walled vessels that carry blood deficient in oxygen

Thin walled vessels that carry blood toward the heart

Thick walled vessels that carry blood rich in oxygen

As blood flows away from the heart, how does overall blood pressure in vessels change? Why?

Blood pressure increases. Otherwise, the blood would not flow up toward the heart.

Blood pressure increases, because vessel diameter narrows with distance from the heart, which increases the force on the blood.

Blood pressure decreases, because blood vessels are passive and cannot exert force on the moving blood.

Blood pressure decreases, because of the effects of friction between the vessel walls and the moving blood. (correct)

Which statement about hydrostatic pressure is FALSE?

Force is not equal in all directions. Signup and view all the answers

A patient is given a beta 1 agonist. What would you expect to find?

Increases heart rate and increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Place these structures in the order that blood returning to the heart from the body would pass through them:

1 = Right ventricle 2 = Left atrium 3 = Right atrium 4 = Pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries 5 = Left ventricle 6 = Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

The sac around the heart is the?

Pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Why does the pressure in the arteries and arterioles fall as the blood moves away from the heart?

Friction causes a loss of energy Signup and view all the answers

As blood vessel length increases?

Resistance increases and flow decreases Signup and view all the answers

If blood pressure doubles at the same time that the peripheral resistance doubles, the blood flow through a vessel would be?

1/16 as much Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes a decrease in resistance in a vessel?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels have the lowest blood pressure?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of valves in the cardiovascular system is to?

Ensure that blood flows in one direction. Signup and view all the answers

The driving force for blood flow is a(n) ________ gradient.

pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described: The blood pressure in a vessel is 10 units at point A and 10 units at point B. Flow between those points is?

Stopped Signup and view all the answers

The first branch off the aorta represents which blood vessel(s)?

Coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

The function of the pericardial fluid is to?

Reduce friction between the heart and the pericardium. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT known to include a portal system for blood?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

The action potential in a cardiac contractile cell causes?

Opening of L-type calcium channels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best definition of an artery?

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Vessel Valves and Chordae Tendineae

Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves have chordae tendineae
Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) do not

Capillary Function

Thin-walled vessels
Allow exchange of material with interstitial fluid

Blood Pressure Changes

Blood pressure decreases as distance from the heart increases, due to friction
Blood pressure does not flow upwards on its own; otherwise, blood would pool and not move
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest.
Dynamic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid in motion

Beta 1 Agonist Effects

Increases heart rate and cardiac output

Blood Flow Order

Structures blood flows through returning to heart: Right atrium, Right ventricle, Pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Left ventricle

Heart Sac

The pericardium is the sac surrounding the heart

Arterial Pressure Drop

Friction causes a loss of energy
Arteries and arterioles get smaller further from the heart

Resistance and Flow

Resistance increases as blood vessel length increases
Flow decreases as resistance increases

Blood Pressure and Resistance

If both blood pressure and peripheral resistance double, blood flow remains unchanged.
Increase flow: (Increased radius)
Decrease flow: (Increased length, Increased viscosity, Decreased radius)

Blood Vessel Lowest Pressure

Capillaries have the lowest blood pressure

Valve Function

Valves prevent backflow of blood

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Description

Explore the intricate structures and functions of the cardiovascular system, including heart valves, blood vessel characteristics, and blood flow dynamics. This quiz covers essential topics such as blood pressure changes and the effects of beta-1 agonists on heart performance.