Cardiovascular Quiz (PDF)

1. Which valves have chordae tendineae? a. Semilunar valves b. Aortic and pulmonary valves c. Coronary valves d. Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves e. Valves in veins 2. Capillaries are a. Thin walled vessels that carry blood toward the heart b. Thin walled v...

1. Which valves have chordae tendineae? a. Semilunar valves b. Aortic and pulmonary valves c. Coronary valves d. Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves e. Valves in veins 2. Capillaries are a. Thin walled vessels that carry blood toward the heart b. Thin walled vessels that carry blood deficient in oxygen c. Thick walled vessels that carry blood rich in oxygen d. Microscopic vessels in which blood exchanges material with the interstitial fluid e. Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart 3. As blood flows away from the heart, how does overall blood pressure in vessels change? Why? a. Blood pressure decreases, because of the effects of friction between the vessel walls and the moving blood. b. Blood pressure increases, because vessel diameter narrows with distance from the heart, which increases the force on the blood. c. Blood pressure decreases, because blood vessels are passive and cannot exert force on the moving blood. d. Blood pressure increases. Otherwise, the blood would not flow up toward the heart. 4. Which statement about hydrostatic pressure is FALSE? a. Hydrostatic pressure does not include the dynamic component of a moving fluid. b. The lateral component of moving fluid represents the hydrostatic pressure c. If a fluid is not moving, the pressure that it exerts is called hydrostatic pressure d. Force is not equal in all directions e. All of the statements are true 5. A patient is given a beta 1 agonist. What would you expect to find? a. Decreases heart rate and decreased cardiac output b. Increases heart rate and increased cardiac output c. Decreases heart rate and increased cardiac output d. Increases heart rate and decreased cardiac output  6. Place these structures in the order that blood returning to the heart from the body would pass through them: 1. Right ventricle 2. Left atrium 3. Right atrium 4. Pulmonary trunk/ pulmonary arteries 5. Left ventricle 6. Pulmonary veins Correct order: 3, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5 7. The sac around the heart is the a. Epicardium b. Pleural sac c. Myocardium d. Peritoneum e. Pericardium 8. Why does the pressure in the arteries and arterioles fall as the blood moves away from the heart? a. There is less blood in each vessel b. Heart is lost to the environment c. The arterial vessels get smaller as they get farther from the heart d. Friction causes a loss of energy 9. As blood vessel length increases, a. Flow decreases only b. Resistance increases only c. Friction decreases only d. Resistance increases and flow decreases e. Both resistance and flow increases 10. If blood pressure doubles at the same time that the peripheral resistance doubles, the blood flow through a vessel would be a. 1/16 as much b. Unchanged c. Halves d. 16 times greater e. Doubled 11. Which of the following causes a decrease in resistance in a​vessel?  a. Vasodilation b. Increased vessel length c. Increased blood viscosity d. Vasoconstriction 12. Which blood vessels have the lowest blood​pressure? a. Venules b. Capillaries c. Arteries d. Veins 13. The purpose of valves in the cardiovascular system is to a. prevent blood from flowing too quickly. b. ensure that blood flows in one direction. c. regulate blood pressure. d. provide sounds so that heart health can be monitored. e. provide the force for circulation. 14. The driving force for blood flow is​a(n) ________ gradient. a. volume b. gravity c. osmotic d. pressure 15. Match the change with the cardiovascular event described: The blood pressure in a vessel is 10 units at point A and 10 units at point B. Flow between those points is​________. a. increased b. decreased c. unchanged d. stopped 16. The first branch off the aorta represents which blood​vessel(s)? a. Pulmonary artery b. Coronary arteries c. Hepatic artery d. Superior vena cava 17. The function of the pericardial fluid is to a. store calcium for the heart.  b. provide fuel to the heart. c. provide oxygen to the heart. d. reduce friction between the heart and the pericardium. e. remove waste products from the heart. 18. Which organ is NOT known to include a portal system for blood? a. Kidney b. Lungs c. Heart d. Brain e. All of these organs have the actions portal systems 19. The action potential in a cardiac contractile cell causes a. Activation of NCX transporters b. Activation of sodium-potassium ATPase c. Opening of L-type calcium channels d. Opening of HCN channels e. Opening of ryanodine receptor calcium channels 20. Which of the following is the best definition of an artery? a. A vessel that carries oxygenated blood b. A vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart c. A vessel that carries blood away from the heart d. A vessel that carries blood to the heart 21. Which will increase flow in a vessel the​most? a. decrease viscosity by 1 unit b. decrease length by 1 unit c. increase radius by 1 unit d. All have the same effect on flow. 22. Doubling which would have the greatest effect on peripheral​resistance? a. length of a vessel b. diameter of a vessel c. viscosity of the blood d. turbulence of the blood e. number of white cells in the blood 23. In which of the following tubes would the flow be the highest? Tube 1: beginning pressure = 25 mmHg; ending pressure = 1 mmHg  Tube 2: total hydrostatic pressure = 24 mmHg Tube 3: beginning pressure = 100 mmHg; ending pressure = 78 mmHg a. Tube 1, because the pressure gradient is the highest b. Tubes 1 and 2 c. Tube 3, because it has the greatest initial pressure d. The answer cannot be determined from the information given 24. The hepatic portal vein carries blood away from the a. pancreas b. digestive tract c. kidneys d. liver e. Spleen 25. In the heart, valves are located, a. just between the right and left ventricles b. just between the atria and the ventricles c. just between the ventricles and the arteries d. between the atria and ventricles and between ventricles and arteries e. just between the great veins and the atria 26. Choose the correct order in which blood would make contact with the following structures as it traveled from the left atrium through the blood vessels and back to the right atrium. 1. abdominal aorta 2. ascending arteries 3. inferior vena cava 4. hepatic artery 5. superior vena cava 6. left ventricle 7. ascending veins 6,1,4,7,3 27. When a quantity is expressed as “4 cm/min” this is describing the a. pressure b. flow rate c. velocity of flow d. volume e. pressure gradient  28. Which change will NOT result in increased blood flow to a​tissue? a. increased blood pressure b. decreased vessel diameter c. relaxation of precapillary sphincters d. increased blood volume e. decreased peripheral resistance 29. Which blood vessels return blood to the​heart? a. Atria b. Arteries c. Veins d. Capillaries 30. At an intercalated​disc; a. ​t-tubules unite the membranes of the adjoining cells. b. The myofibrils are loosely attached to the membrane of the disc. c. The cell membranes of two cardiac muscle fibers are completely separated by a synapse which increase d. two cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap junctions. e. All of the answers are correct. 31. The term myogenic indicates that the heart muscle is the source of a. a hormone that regulates blood volume. b. stem cells that repair damaged heart tissue. c. the contractile force for pumping. d. the electrical signal that stimulates heart contraction. e. receptors that stimulate blood pressure reflexes. 32. Which increases​resistance? a. decreased flow b. decreased friction c. decreased length d. increased blood vessel radius e. decreased viscosity 33. Blood flows through a vessel at a particular flow rate and velocity. What happens to the velocity of the blood flow through that vessel after it​constricts, narrowing its​ diameter? You may assume that the flow rate is unchanged. a. Velocity increases. b. Velocity decreases.  c. Velocity will not change. d. There is not enough information to answer the question. 34. Arteries are most accurately defined as blood vessels that carry​__________. a. deoxygenated blood b. blood away from the heart c. blood toward the heart d. highly oxygenated blood 35. An artery is a vessel that _______ a. contains internal valves. b. carries highly oxygenated blood. c. is constricted by skeletal muscle contractions. d. transports blood toward the heart. e. transports blood away from the heart. 36. Which is the first branch from the aorta after it leaves the left​ventricle? a. Coronary arteries b. hepatic artery c. renal arteries d. pulmonary trunk e. carotid arteries 37. In the 16th century, William Harvey discovered evidence that A) the cardiovascular system transports blood and air. B) the cardiovascular system is an open system. C) arteries and veins are linked by capillaries. D) blood is recirculated instead of consumed. E) the liver manufactures blood 38) Stretching a myocardial cell A) only decreases the force of a contraction. B) only allows more Ca2+ to enter. C) only increases the force of contraction. D) decreases the force of a contraction and allows more Ca2+ to enter. E) allows more Ca2+ to enter and increases the force of a contraction. 39) The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)? A) Ca2+ only B) K+ only C) Na+ only D) both Ca2+ and K+ E) both Na+ and K+ 40) During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, which ion(s)is/are crossing the membrane? A) Ca2+ only B) K+ only C) Na+ only D) both Ca2+ and K+ E) both Na+ and K+ 41) The flattening of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, called the plateau phase, is due to a combination of ________ K+ permeability and ________ Ca2+ permeability. A) increasing, increasing B) decreasing, decreasing C) increasing, decreasing D) decreasing, increasing 42) The action potentials of myocardial autorhythmic cells, are due to a combination of increasing Na2+ ________ and decreasing K+ ________. A) influx, efflux B) efflux, influx C) influx, influx D) efflux, efflux 43) The end of the plateau phase is due to the ________ of Ca2+ channels and ________ of K+ channels. A) opening, opening B) closing, closing C) opening, closing D) closing, opening 44) A typical action potential of a myocardial contractile cell lasts ________ millisecond(s). A) less than 1 B) 1-5 C) 50-100 D) at least 200 E) at least 500 45) The importance of the plateau phase of the action potential of myocardial cells is in A) preventing overstretching of the cells. B) enhancing the efficiency of oxygen use by the cells. C) preventing tetanus. D) preventing fibrillation. E) regulating Ca2+ availability to the cells 46) Myocardial cells can generate action potentials spontaneously because they have A) unstable ion channels. B) permanently open channels for Na+ and K+. C) a net influx of Na+. D) L-type Ca2+ channels. E) prolonged Ca2+ influx. 47) If channels are permeable to A) Na+ only. B) K+ only. C) Ca2+ only. D) Na+ and K+. E) Ca2+ and K+. 48) Autorhythmic cells A) are also called pacemakers because they set the rate of the heartbeat. B) are the same size as myocardial contractile cells. C) have organized sarcomeres. D) contribute to the force of contraction. E) None of the answers are correct. Match the following terms to the correct answer: A. tricuspid valve B. bicuspid valve C. aortic valve D. pulmonary valve 49) an AV valve that has three flaps Answer: A. tricuspid valve 50) a semilunar valve that has the right ventricle on one side Answer: D. pulmonary valve 51) also called the mitral valve Answer: B. bicuspid valve 52) has three cuplike leaflets and has the aorta on one side Answer: C. aortic valve 53) The chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are the ________. Answer: ventricles 54) The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins are the ________. Answer: atria 55) The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________. Answer: to transport material to and from all parts of the body 56) ________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Answer: Arteries 57) ________ are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Answer: Veins 58) The cardiovascular system is made up of ________, ________, and ________. Answer: the heart, blood vessels, blood 59) The most proximal arteries to branch from the aorta are the ________. Answer: coronary arteries 60) Name the three portal systems in the body. Answer: 1. hepatic portal system 2. renal portal system 3. hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system 61) The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the alveoli of the lungs. Answer: pulmonary 62) The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the alveoli of the lungs. Answer: systemic 63) The pressure created in the ventricles is called the ________ pressure because ________. Answer: driving, it is the force that drives blood through the blood vessels 64) The term for reduced blood flow to the cardiac muscle is ________. Answer: coronary ischemia 65) The ________ directs blood from the ________ of the heart to the lungs. Backflow of blood to the heart is prevented by ________. Blood from the lungs returns to the heart via ________. Answer: pulmonary trunk, right ventricle, pulmonary valves, pulmonary veins 66) The heart is enclosed in the ________. Answer: pericardial membrane 67) The superior portion of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit is the ________. Answer: base 68) The inferior point of the heart is called the ________. Answer: apex 69) The ________ is a wall that separates the two sides of the heart. Answer: septum 70) The muscle layer of the heart wall is the ________. Answer: myocardium 71) The heart is encased in a tough membranous sac called the ________. The heart is composed mostly of ________ muscle tissue, called the ________. Answer: pericardium, cardiac, myocardium 72) The opening between each atrium and its ventricle is guarded by the ________, which connects the ventricular side to collagenous tendons, called ________. ________ muscles provide stability for these tendons. Answer: atrioventricular valve, chordae tendineae, Papillary 73) Cell junctions in contractile cells are called ________, which consist of two components: ________ and ________. Answer: intercalated disks, desmosomes, gap junctions 74) The ________ are calcium channels in cardiac contractile cells. Opening them causes ________. Answer: ryanodine receptors, calcium-induced calcium release 75) Which statement is NOT true regarding cardiac muscle? A) Cardiac muscle cells must obey the all-or-none law of contraction. B) Cardiac muscle cells rely on a sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage of Ca2+ ions. C) Calcium-induced calcium release is the process by which extracellular Ca2+ triggers the release of stored Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) Intercalated disks contain both desmosomes for firm attachment and gap junctions to allow communication. E) The oxygen demand of cardiac muscle cells is high because they have many mitochondria. 76) If the membranes of the cardiac muscle cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, A) the heart rate will increase. B) the heart rate will decrease. C) the membrane will depolarize. D) the stroke volume will increase. E) the intracellular concentration of calcium ion will increase. 77) As a result of the long refractory period, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit A) tonus. B) treppe. C) tetany. D) recruitment. E) fatigue. 78) Ivabrandine selectively blocks If channels in the heart. Which statement would be true concerning a patient who is taking this drug? A) The drug would slow down this individual's heart rate. B) This patient must have been suffering from bradycardia. C) This drug would decrease contractility of the patient's heart. D) This drug would raise the blood pressure of the patient. E) The amount of calcium entering the patient's heart cells would increase. 79) Manganese ions block the calcium channels in the cardiac muscle membrane. How would the presence of manganese in the extracellular fluid affect the contraction of the heart muscle? A) The plateau phase of contraction would be longer. B) The refractory period would be shorter. C) The heart would beat less forcefully. D) The heart rate would increase. E) The contraction phase would be prolonged. 80) Drugs known as calcium channel blockers can be used to A) decrease the force of cardiac contraction. B) increase blood pressure. C) constrict the coronary arteries. D) increase sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium. E) increase stroke volume. Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. A. increased B. decreased C. unchanged D. stopped 81) The blood pressure in a vessel is 20 units at point A and 10 units at point B. One minute later, the pressure is 15 units at point A and five units at point B. Flow between those points is ________. Answer: C. unchanged 82) Joey develops a medical condition that decreases his blood viscosity. Assuming no other change (e.g., no compensatory reflex), what happens to his blood pressure? Answer: B. decreased 83) When a blood vessel dilates, resistance through that vessel is ________. Answer: B. decreased 84) When a blood vessel dilates, blood viscosity is ________. Answer: C. unchanged 85) You suck milk through a 6-inch straw and through a 10-inch straw; the diameters are identical. Resistance is ________ in the 10-inch straw compared to the 6-inch straw. Answer: A. increased 86) When a blood vessel dilates, velocity of blood is ________. Answer: B. decreased 87) Blood pressure decreases during sleep. How does this affect velocity? Answer: B. decreased 88) During fasting, some capillary beds in the digestive tract are closed and therefore have no blood flow. Others are open to meet the minimal need of the tract for blood flow. During eating and as long as food is present in the tract, all capillary beds open to flow. What happens to total cross-sectional area of vessels in the digestive tract? Answer: A. increased 89) If total cross-sectional area of blood vessels in an organ increases, what happens to velocity of blood through that organ? Answer: B. decreased 90) If total cross-sectional area of vessels in an organ remains the same but blood flow to that organ increases, what happens to velocity of blood? Answer: A. increased 91) In the autorhythmic cells, the ________ channels open when the cell membrane potential is -60 mV. These channels are permeable to ________ and ________. Answer: If , K+, Na+ 92) The resting membrane potential is ________ for skeletal muscle and ________ for contractile myocardium. It is ________ for autorhythmic myocardium. Answer: -70 mV, - 90 mV, an unstable pacemaker potential (usually starts at -60 mV) 93) The rising phase of the action potential is a result of ________ for skeletal muscle, ________ for contractile myocardium, and ________ for autorhythmic myocardium. Answer: Na+ entry, Na+ entry, calcium entry 94) The duration of the action potential is ________ in contractile myocardium, ________ in autorhythmic contractile, and ________ in skeletal muscle. Answer: extended: 200+ msec, variable: generally 150+ msec, short: 1-2 msec 95) Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells ________ heart rate by ________ ion flow through ________ and ________ channels. Answer: increases, increasing, If, calcium