40 Questions
What is considered a normal heart rate range?
Between 60 – 100 bpm
What division of the autonomic nervous system increases the heart rate?
Sympathetic division
What is the function of the AV node in the heart?
To provide a delay in the signal, allowing the atria to fully contract
What is the result if the SA and AV nodes fail?
The heart rate will decrease to below 40 bpm
What is the purpose of the Bundle of His?
To transmit the signal to the Purkinje fibres
What is the result of the signal from the AV node travelling down the Bundle of His and into the left bundle branch first?
The ventricles will contract simultaneously
What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the body
What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
To separate the right atrium and right ventricle
What is the SA node responsible for?
Regulating the heartbeat
What is the path of deoxygenated blood in the heart?
Right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to lungs
What is the term for the heart's ability to produce its own impulses?
Myogenic
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What percentage of the cardiac output does the coronary artery supply to the myocardium?
5%
Which of the following structures does the right coronary artery supply blood to?
The right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node
What is the origin of the left coronary artery?
The posterior aortic sinus
What is the function of the coronary arteries in the cardiac system?
To deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
What are the two main coronary arteries that arise from the aortic sinus?
The right coronary artery and the left coronary artery
What are the subendocardial arteries part of?
Subendocardial arterial plexuses
What is the primary characteristic of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries
At what level of stenosis does critical stenosis occur in coronary artery disease?
When the diameter is reduced by 50%
What is the effect of hypertension on the coronary arteries?
Decreased capillary density and raised intramyocardial pressure
What is the driving force that moves blood from the aortic root to the myocardial capillaries?
Coronary perfusion pressure
What is the term for the phenomenon where blood flow is diverted from a stenotic region to a less stenotic region?
Coronary steal
What is the main determinant of coronary blood flow?
Resistance vessels
What is the effect of heart failure on coronary perfusion pressure?
Decreased coronary perfusion pressure
What is the purpose of the coronary blood flow reserve?
To increase blood flow to the heart muscle during exercise
What is the result of sympathetic-mediated systemic vasoconstriction in heart failure?
Improved myocardial perfusion but increased pressure load
What is the anatomical structure of the coronary circulation?
Large epicardial conduit vessels and small resistance vessels
What is the main consequence of a reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle?
Angina and potentially heart attack
What is the primary function of the coronary circulation?
To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
What is the term for the condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood?
Ischemic heart disease
What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?
To supply blood to the heart muscle
What is the result of a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries?
Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
What is the role of the capillaries in the coronary circulation?
To allow for direct exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the heart muscle
What is the main consequence of reduced myocardial perfusion in ischemic heart disease?
Heart damage, including scarring and weakening of the heart muscle
What is the purpose of collateral circulation in the heart?
To maintain blood flow to the heart muscle in the event of a blocked coronary artery
Which coronary artery supplies blood to the left ventricle and part of the septum?
Left coronary artery
What is the role of coronary arteries in the heart?
To supply blood to the heart muscle
What is the clinical significance of understanding coronary circulation, myocardial perfusion, collateral circulation, and coronary arteries?
To prevent and treat ischemic heart disease
What is the primary risk factor for disrupting the coronary blood supply?
High blood pressure
Learn about the structure and function of the heart, including its four chambers, and how it pumps blood throughout the body. Understand the roles of the atria and ventricles, and how they receive and send blood to the lungs and body.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
