SAQ - Heart's Conduction System and Blood Flow

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What is considered a normal heart rate range?

Between 60 – 100 bpm (correct)

Between 100 – 120 bpm

Between 40 – 60 bpm

Between 120 – 140 bpm

What division of the autonomic nervous system increases the heart rate?

Central nervous system

Parasympathetic division

Peripheral nervous system

Sympathetic division (correct)

What is the function of the AV node in the heart?

To provide a delay in the signal, allowing the atria to fully contract (correct)

To contract the atria

To generate impulses for the SA node

To pump blood to the ventricles

What is the result if the SA and AV nodes fail?

The heart rate will decrease to below 40 bpm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bundle of His?

To transmit the signal to the Purkinje fibres Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the signal from the AV node travelling down the Bundle of His and into the left bundle branch first?

The ventricles will contract simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

To separate the right atrium and right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the SA node responsible for?

Regulating the heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of deoxygenated blood in the heart?

Right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the heart's ability to produce its own impulses?

Myogenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the cardiac output does the coronary artery supply to the myocardium?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does the right coronary artery supply blood to?

The right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the left coronary artery?

The posterior aortic sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the coronary arteries in the cardiac system?

To deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main coronary arteries that arise from the aortic sinus?

The right coronary artery and the left coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What are the subendocardial arteries part of?

Subendocardial arterial plexuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

At what level of stenosis does critical stenosis occur in coronary artery disease?

When the diameter is reduced by 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypertension on the coronary arteries?

Decreased capillary density and raised intramyocardial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force that moves blood from the aortic root to the myocardial capillaries?

Coronary perfusion pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where blood flow is diverted from a stenotic region to a less stenotic region?

Coronary steal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main determinant of coronary blood flow?

Resistance vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heart failure on coronary perfusion pressure?

Decreased coronary perfusion pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coronary blood flow reserve?

To increase blood flow to the heart muscle during exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sympathetic-mediated systemic vasoconstriction in heart failure?

Improved myocardial perfusion but increased pressure load Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical structure of the coronary circulation?

Large epicardial conduit vessels and small resistance vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle?

Angina and potentially heart attack Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coronary circulation?

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood?

Ischemic heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?

To supply blood to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries?

Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the capillaries in the coronary circulation?

To allow for direct exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of reduced myocardial perfusion in ischemic heart disease?

Heart damage, including scarring and weakening of the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collateral circulation in the heart?

To maintain blood flow to the heart muscle in the event of a blocked coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

Which coronary artery supplies blood to the left ventricle and part of the septum?

Left coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coronary arteries in the heart?