Anatomy and Physiology (Hug)
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Questions and Answers

What is the body's principal control system?

  • Endocrine system
  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Nervous system (correct)
  • Circulatory system

What are the key structures highlighted in musculoskeletal anatomy?

  • Skull, spine, and vertebrae (correct)
  • Dendrites, synapses, and soma
  • Tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
  • Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

What are dermatomes?

  • Layers of the skin: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
  • Important structures of the skull
  • Topographical regions of the body surface innervated by specific nerve roots (correct)
  • Components of blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

What is the Monroe-Kellie Doctrine related to?

<p>Nervous tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of dendrites, synapses, soma, axon terminals, and axons related to?

<p>Nervous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many total bones are highlighted in musculoskeletal anatomy?

<p>206 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the integumentary system include?

<p>Skin, hair, and nails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cardiovascular anatomy focus on?

<p>Heart, blood vessels, and circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of blood detailed in Chapter 5?

<p>Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main types of tissues covered in the study guide?

<p>Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does normal QRS axis indicate?

<p>Left ventricle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues cover body surfaces?

<p>Epithelial tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is used by the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nervous tissues?

<p>Specialized to conduct messages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

<p>Low blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

<p>Sympathetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does extreme right axis deviation indicate?

<p>Right atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may differ across different regions according to the study guide?

<p>Medication dosages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system maintains the vegetative state?

<p>Parasympathetic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for the sodium-potassium pump?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is activated in response to low blood pressure and decreased perfusion?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system use?

<p>Norepinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures does the cellular anatomy chapter explain?

<p>Lysosomes, nucleus, cytoplasm, Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does left axis deviation indicate?

<p>Left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cardiac axis indicate?

<p>Part of the heart requiring the most energy for depolarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolytes play crucial roles in depolarization and repolarization?

<p>Sodium, calcium, potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate Cardiac Output?

<p>Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume $\times$ Heart Rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart located?

<p>In the mediastinum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average percentage of blood ejected with each contraction (Ejection Fraction)?

<p>55-70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart contains 25mL of pericardial fluid?

<p>Pericardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of blood flow through the heart?

<p>Vena cava, atria, ventricles, aorta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left coronary artery?

<p>Supplies the left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major branches of the right coronary artery?

<p>Supplies the right atrium and ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides an alternative path for blood flow in case of blockage?

<p>Collateral circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of the circulatory system?

<p>Diastole and systole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average Stroke Volume?

<p>70mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences Stroke Volume?

<p>Preload, contractility, and afterload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the coronary arteries perfused?

<p>During diastole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Monroe-Kellie Doctrine detail?

<p>Blood flow and intracranial pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dermatomes?

<p>Regions innervated by specific nerve roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendrites, synapses, soma, axon terminals, and axons related to?

<p>Cellular anatomy and nervous tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left coronary artery?

<p>Supply blood to the left ventricle and atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the integumentary system include?

<p>Skin, hair, and nails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key structures highlighted in musculoskeletal anatomy?

<p>Vertebrae and spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cardiovascular anatomy focus on?

<p>Heart, blood vessels, and circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of blood detailed in Chapter 5?

<p>White blood cells and red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does normal QRS axis indicate?

<p>Normal electrical conduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides an alternative path for blood flow in case of blockage?

<p>Collateral circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the body's principal control system relate to?

<p>Endocrine and circulatory systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the spinal cord, the meninges, and autoregulation detail?

<p>Neurological and regulatory mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the cellular anatomy chapter in the study guide?

<p>The structure and function of cells and tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues are covered in the study guide?

<p>Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the disclaimer in the study guide state regarding procedures and medication dosages?

<p>Procedures should only be performed by appropriately licensed/certified, authorized, and trained personnel, and medication dosages may differ across different regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of muscle tissues according to the study guide?

<p>Include striated (skeletal or cardiac muscle) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical terms are covered in the study guide?

<p>Anterior, posterior, and proximal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of connective tissues according to the study guide?

<p>Bind different types of tissues together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does extreme right axis deviation indicate?

<p>Right atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic system use?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Responsible for 'fight or flight' response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

<p>Low blood pressure and decreased perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart does normal QRS axis indicate?

<p>Left ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sympathetic nervous system use as a neurotransmitter?

<p>Norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic system?

<p>Maintains vegetative state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does left axis deviation indicate?

<p>Left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is activated in response to 'fight or flight' situations?

<p>Sympathetic system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Initiates 'fight or flight' response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for maintaining the vegetative state?

<p>Parasympathetic nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate Cardiac Output?

<p>$ ext{Cardiac Output} = ext{Stroke Volume} imes ext{Heart Rate}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average percentage of blood ejected with each contraction (Ejection Fraction)?

<p>55-70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of the heart?

<p>Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of blood flow through the heart?

<p>Vena Cava, Atria, Ventricles, Aorta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of collateral circulation?

<p>Providing an alternative path for blood flow in case of blockage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart located?

<p>In the mediastinum, with 2/3 of its mass to the left of the midline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average Stroke Volume?

<p>70mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart contains 25mL of pericardial fluid?

<p>Pericardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the coronary arteries perfused?

<p>During diastole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left coronary artery?

<p>Supplies the left ventricle and has two major branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major branches of the right coronary artery?

<p>Supplies the right atrium and ventricle and has two major branches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of the circulatory system?

<p>Diastole, Systole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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