Cardiopulmonary Pathology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of cardiopulmonary pathology?

  • Conditions affecting only the heart
  • Management of respiratory disorders only
  • Diseases affecting both the heart and lungs (correct)
  • Treatment procedures for cardiac surgery

    • Which condition is NOT typically associated with cardiopulmonary pathology?

  • Myocardial infarction
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes mellitus (correct)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    • Which of the following clinical manifestations suggests a patient may be suffering from COPD?

  • Cyanosis and bradycardia
  • Wheezing without shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness with normal respiratory rate
  • Pursed-lip breathing and increased AP chest diameter (correct)

    • What does the ABG result of PaCO2 97 mmHg indicate in a patient presenting with extreme shortness of breath?

    <p>Acute respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option is most appropriate for a patient with severe respiratory distress and the given ABG results?

    <p>Intubation and mechanical ventilation with 100% FiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathologies primarily results from chronic inflammation of the airways?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given a patient with a history of emphysema, which vital sign is most concerning in this context?

    <p>Heart rate of 115 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential knowledge does understanding cardiopulmonary pathology provide for healthcare professionals?

    <p>It helps improve patient outcomes through effective diagnosis and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe and tracheal shift to the right?

    <p>Pneumothorax on the right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which recommendation is best for a patient with a productive cough and SpO2 of 88% experiencing fever and chills?

    <p>Provide oxygen therapy, give an antibiotic, and obtain a sputum sample for culture and sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely indicated by pink frothy secretions in a patient?

    <p>Left ventricular failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is suggested by hyperresonance to percussion and absent breath sounds?

    <p>Pneumothorax on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is most effective in preventing atelectasis in a post-surgery patient?

    <p>Incentive spirometry maneuver 10 times per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What findings would suggest a diagnosis of pneumonia upon listening to lung sounds?

    <p>Bronchial breath sounds over the right middle lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would most likely show no trachea shift and compatible breath sounds during assessment?

    <p>Left-sided pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of stridor in an adult patient?

    <p>Epiglottitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is essential to confirm a suspected pulmonary embolism?

    <p>D-dimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure would be most helpful in a patient with significant respiratory distress due to pleural effusion?

    <p>Insertion of a chest tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition would postural drainage likely show beneficial outcomes?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of tachypnea and a weak, thready pulse in a mechanical ventilation patient?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reduction in chest expansion suggests which condition?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical condition is most likely to produce coarse crackles?

    <p>Excessive airway secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of weaning helps the patient overcome the workload imposed by the resistance of the artificial airway?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct interpretation of ABG values indicating hypoxemia?

    <p>Acute ventilatory failure on chronic ventilatory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in the patient's vital signs is expected as a result of fever?

    <p>Increase in respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe sputum that appears to contain pus?

    <p>Purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is indicated by a K+ level of 3.0 mEq/L and a Cl- level of 73 mEq/L?

    <p>Hypochloremia and hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often associated with abdominal paradox?

    <p>Diaphragm fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of mechanical ventilation with chronic CO2 retention?

    <p>Increase the minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe shortness of breath in the upright position?

    <p>Platypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical condition is most closely associated with harsh bronchial breath sounds over the affected region?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate treatment when a patient's ventilation is adequate but oxygenation is likely to resolve quickly?

    <p>Mask CPAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest acceptable PaO2 for a 75-year-old patient?

    <p>55 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a restrictive lung disease, what typically happens to tidal volume?

    <p>It usually decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to produce an abnormal white shadow on the chest x-ray?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would you expect an increase in respiratory rate?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a PaO2 level of 38 mmHg?

    <p>Severe hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes an intrapulmonary shunt?

    <p>Poorly ventilated alveoli but well perfused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is most indicative of the patient's tissue oxygenation status?

    <p>Sensorium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT likely to cause hemoptysis?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is an acceptable way to wean patients from mechanical ventilation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab result would you expect in a patient living at high altitude?

    <p>Polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions most likely produces a dry cough?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter indicates compensated metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>pH 7.45; PaCO2 61; HCO3- 41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would you first do for a patient with slow, shallow breathing and a low level of consciousness?

    <p>Non-rebreather mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by digital clubbing, hyperresonance to percussion, and foul-smelling stools?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blunting of the left costophrenic angle on a chest x-ray is most indicative of which condition?

    <p>Pleural effusion on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tensilon test is primarily used to diagnose which condition?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Swelling in the lower limbs of a patient is most likely indicative of which condition?

    <p>Right ventricular insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reduced tactile fremitus is typically seen in all of the following conditions except?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monitoring which value is critical to determine the need for ventilatory support in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sweat chloride test is diagnostic for which of the following conditions?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increasing peak airway pressure in a mechanically ventilated patient is likely caused by what condition?

    <p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breath sound would you expect to hear upon auscultation of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia?

    <p>Bronchial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient suspected of having a pneumothorax, which percussion note is expected?

    <p>Hyperresonant percussion note</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with ARDS is likely to exhibit which characteristic finding?

    <p>Refractory hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by negative troponin and BNP blood test results alongside respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Exacerbation of COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A V/Q scan shows normal ventilation but absent blood flow. What condition does this suggest?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paralysis starting in the feet and extending upwards is most likely due to which condition?

    <p>Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Guide

    • Cardiopulmonary pathology studies diseases affecting heart and lungs, encompassing conditions like heart failure, myocardial infarction, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, and pulmonary hypertension.
    • Understanding pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options are crucial for healthcare professionals, especially respiratory therapists.

    Practice Questions and Answers (Summary)

    • Question Types: Questions cover various aspects of cardiopulmonary pathology, from interpreting ABG results and recommending treatments to identifying clinical conditions.

    • Question 1: Treatment recommendation for patient with respiratory distress (ABG values provided)

    • Question 2: Clinical interpretation of ABG values for a patient with emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

    • Question 3: Treatment recommendation for a patient with COPD exacerbation and fever.

    • Question 4: Correct identification of a bony abnormality (pigeon breast).

    • Question 5: Pulmonary disorder associated with faster respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume.

    • Question 6: Correct documentation for electrolyte panel readings.

    • Question 7: Abnormal pulsation (right ventricular heave) associated with right ventricular heart failure.

    • Question 8: Cause of confusion and agitation in severe hypoxemia.

    • Question 9: Description of diffusion of oxygen from air to blood.

    • Question 10: Type of pulmonary dysfunction (guillain barre).

    • Question 11: Clinical findings consistent with right heart failure.

    • Question 12: Optimal position of endotracheal tube tip on a chest x-ray.

    • Question 13: Condition associated with increased resonance to percussion.

    • Question 14: Term for inward movement of abdomen during inspiration.

    • Question 15: Recommended strategy for hyperventilating a ventilated patient (head injury)

    • Question 16: Oxygenation failure criteria.

    • Question 17: Initial treatment for an overdose patient.

    • Question 18: Key lab value for assessing oxygen-carrying capacity.

    • Question 19: Main goal of mechanical ventilation in a chronic CO2 retention patient.

    • Question 20: Lowest acceptable PaO2 for a 75-year-old.

    • Question 21: Expected change in vital signs due to fever.

    • Question 22: Clinical condition often associated with harsh bronchial breath sounds.

    • Question 23: Condition most likely associated with coarse crackles.

    • Question 24: Condition frequently associated with abdominal paradox.

    • Question 25: ABG interpretation (hypoxemia and other factors)

    • Question 26: Method of weaning to reduce workload of artificial airway.

    • Question 27: Term for shortness of breath worse in upright position.

    • Question 28: Term for sputum containing pus.

    • Question 29: Term for describing clear and thick sputum.

    • Question 30: Description of lateral curvature of the spine.

    • Question 31: Key test for renal function.

    • Question 32: Treatment when ventilation adequate, oxygenation likely to improve quickly.

    • Question 33: Treatment for refractory hypoxemia due to shunting.

    • Question 34: White blood cell type responsible for allergic reactions.

    • Question 35: White blood cell elevated in acute viral infections.

    • Question 36: Description of wheezing (characteristics).

    • Question 37: Condition associated with decreased lung compliance.

    • Question 38: Methods for weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.

    • Question 39: Lung condition where a shunt-like effect is present.

    • Question 40: Characteristics of pleuritic chest pain.

    • Question 41: Clinical findings associated with COPD.

    • Question 42: Condition NOT likely to cause hemoptysis.

    • Question 43: Condition most likely to produce a dry cough.

    • Question 44: Condition most likely to produce abnormal x-ray shadow.

    • Question 45: Parameter indicative of tissue oxygenation status.

    • Question 46: Representation of compensated metabolic alkalosis.

    • Question 47: Cause of a S3 galloping heart sound.

    • Question 48: Truth regarding Hb level of 11g/dL and SpO2 of 88%.

    • Question 49: Reason for increased respiratory rate (28-42/min) in pneumonia patient.

    • Question 50: Expected findings from low BP and temperature in a patient.

    • Question 51: ABG interpretation (high pH relative to PaCO2)

    • Question 52: Description of PaO2 of 38 mmHg.

    • Question 53: Expected lab result in a patient living at high altitude.

    • Question 54: Normal Albumin level.

    • Question 55: Lab method for confirming microbe identity and antibiotic sensitivity.

    • Question 56: Description of intrapulmonary shunt.

    • Question 57: Strategy for improving oxygenation in certain disorders (I:E Ventilation).

    • Question 58: Initial action for a patient with slow, shallow breathing and slow arousal.

    • Question 59: Opioid types

    • Question 60: Conditions that cause hypoxemia in a pneumonia patient.

    • Question 61: Symptoms and condition of a patient showing poor body development.

    • Question 62: Finding on chest x-ray and patient history related to CHF. (Blunting of costophrenic angle).

    • Question 63: Test used to confirm Myasthenia gravis.

    • Question 64: Indication of a condition from swelling in lower limbs.

    • Question 65: Conditions associated with reduced tactile fremitus.

    • Question 66: Critical parameter in determining need for ventilatory support for Guillain-Barré.

    • Question 67: Condition diagnosable by sweat chloride test.

    • Question 68: Likely cause of increased peak airway pressure and decreased fluid output in a ventilated patient.

    • Question 69: Expected breath sounds for a patient with pneumonia

    • Question 70: Percussion note expected with a pneumothorax.

    • Question 71: Condition expected in ICU patient with ARDS.

    • Question 72: Likely issue with symptoms showing partially compensated respiratory acidosis

    • Question 73: V/Q scan findings for pulmonary embolism.

    • Question 74: Description of neuromuscular condition (Guillain-Barré).

    • Question 75: Potential post-surgery development with decreased inspiratory capacity and increasing dyspnea, with consolidation on x-ray.

    • Question 76: Trachea and mediastinum shift findings on x-ray.

    • Question 77: Description of creaking/grating sound heard on chest assessment.

    • Question 78: Description of paradoxical chest wall movement.

    • Question 79: Likely condition related to paradoxical pulse in post-operative patient.

    • Question 80: Description of diaphragmatic movement in a patient.

    • Question 81: Findings suggesting a pneumothorax from chest pain, low BP, and other findings.

    • Question 82: Findings/Recommendation when patient presents with fever, chills, rhonchi, and a productive cough.

    • Question 83: Recommendation if bronchial breath sounds heard over specific lobe?

    • Question 84: Explanation for pink frothy secretions.

    • Question 85: Most likely cause of stridor in an adult.

    • Question 86: Most likely cause of large area of consolidation in a patient's right lung on x-ray.

    • Question 87: Description of a patient with symptoms related to fever and use of accessory muscles and rhonchi in lungs.

    • Question 88: Finding with potentially left-sided chest pain, other vital sign abnormalities, and decreased breath sounds on one side post mechanical ventilation.

    • Question 89: Appropriate action regarding albuterol treatment for CHF patient with acute pulmonary edema.

    • Question 90: Test to confirm suspicion of pulmonary embolism.

    • Question 91: Likely cause of diminished breath sounds and tracheal shift to one side.

    • Question 92: Condition best helped by postural drainage.

    • Question 93: Beneficial procedure for preventing atelectasis in post-op patient.

    • General Note: The last section of the provided text is about a respiratory therapist and his role, not questions.

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    Test your knowledge on cardiopulmonary pathology with practice questions covering heart and lung diseases. This quiz includes clinical scenarios, interpretation of ABG results, and treatment recommendations for various conditions such as COPD, asthma, and more. Perfect for healthcare professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding.

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