BS Respiratory Therapy: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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Questions and Answers

What is the classic definition of COPD?

  • Persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
  • Structural cell death occurring through oxidant-induced damage
  • Chronic airflow obstruction determined by spirometry, usually occurring in the setting of noxious environmental exposures (correct)
  • Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in genetically susceptible individuals

What is the primary cause of COPD?

  • Chronic cough and phlegm production
  • Disordered repair of elastin and other extracellular matrix components
  • Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in genetically susceptible individuals (correct)
  • Airflow limitation and reduction in the number of small bronchioles

What is the pathogenesis of emphysema?

  • Chronic airflow obstruction determined by spirometry
  • Chronic cough and phlegm production
  • Inflammatory cells releasing proteinases that damage the extracellular matrix (correct)
  • Destruction of the lung alveoli with air space enlargement

What is the anatomical definition of emphysema?

<p>Destruction of the lung alveoli with air space enlargement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

<p>Chronic cough and phlegm production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third leading cause of death in the United States?

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major physiologic change is characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

<p>Decreased small bronchioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the enlargement of air spaces and the development of emphysema in COPD?

<p>Oxidant-induced damage to structural cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of chronic bronchitis as part of COPD?

<p>Presence of chronic cough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic exposure to cigarette smoke contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD?

<p>Causes inflammatory and immune cell recruitment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect characterizes small airway disease in COPD?

<p>Airway narrowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteinases released by inflammatory cells play in the pathogenesis of COPD?

<p>Damage the extracellular matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does disordered repair of elastin contribute to emphysema development?

<p>Contributes to air space enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs within large and small airways due to chronic exposure to cigarette smoke?

<p>Inflammatory and immune cell recruitment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that characterizes the pathogenesis of emphysema in COPD?

<p>Air space enlargement due to structural changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

COPD definition

Chronic airflow obstruction measured by breathing tests (spirometry), often linked to harmful environmental exposures.

COPD cause

Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, impacting individuals with specific inherited traits.

Emphysema pathogenesis

Immune cells releasing enzymes that damage the lung's structural framework.

Emphysema anatomy

Air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are destroyed, making them larger.

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Chronic bronchitis definition

Persistent cough with mucus production.

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COPD's third-leading cause

COPD is a significant cause of death in the US.

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COPD's physiological change

COPD leads to reduced small airway function.

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Emphysema air space enlargement

Oxidants harm cells, causing the air spaces to get bigger in COPD.

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Chronic bronchitis symptom

A persistent cough is a hallmark of chronic bronchitis in COPD.

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Smoking's COPD impact

Smoking causes immune cells to accumulate in the airways, contributing to disease.

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Small airway disease

In COPD, the small air passages narrow, leading to breathing trouble.

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Proteinases in COPD

Enzymes released by immune cells damage the lung's supportive tissues.

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Elastin repair in emphysema

Poor repair of the elastic tissue contributes to enlarged air spaces in emphysema.

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Smoking's airway effect

Smoking triggers the accumulation of immune cells in large and small airways.

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Emphysema's characteristic

Emphysema is defined by the enlargement of air spaces in the lungs due to structural issues.

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