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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
What type of carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, and galactose examples of?
What is the term for carbohydrates that contain an aldehyde group?
What is the primary function of DNA?
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What is the sugar molecule found in RNA?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?
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What is the term for the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?
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What is the term for carbohydrates that contain a ketone group?
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What is the term for carbohydrates that contain a hydroxyl group on carbon 2?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Definition: Carbohydrates are biomolecules that serve as energy sources for cells and provide structural support to plants.
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Classification:
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars): glucose, fructose, galactose
- Disaccharides (double sugars): sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates): starch, cellulose, glycogen
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Functions:
- Energy storage and release
- Structural components of cells (cell walls, membranes)
- Play a role in blood clotting and immune response
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Types:
- Aldoses (contain aldehyde group): glucose, galactose
- Ketoses (contain ketone group): fructose
- Deoxy sugars (contain hydroxyl group on carbon 2): deoxyribose (found in DNA)
Nucleic Acids
- Definition: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that contain the genetic instructions for an organism.
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Types:
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid):
- Double-stranded molecule
- Contains genetic information
- Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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RNA (Ribonucleic acid):
- Single-stranded molecule
- Involved in protein synthesis, translation, and gene regulation
- Found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid):
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Components:
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Nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of:
- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, G, T, or U)
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Nitrogenous bases:
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine (T)
- Uracil (U, found in RNA)
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Nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of:
-
Functions:
- DNA: genetic information storage and transmission
- RNA: protein synthesis, translation, and gene regulation
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates serve as energy sources for cells and provide structural support to plants.
- They are classified into:
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars): glucose, fructose, galactose
- Disaccharides (double sugars): sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates): starch, cellulose, glycogen
- Carbohydrates have various functions:
- Energy storage and release
- Structural components of cells (cell walls, membranes)
- Play a role in blood clotting and immune response
- There are different types of carbohydrates:
- Aldoses (contain aldehyde group): glucose, galactose
- Ketoses (contain ketone group): fructose
- Deoxy sugars (contain hydroxyl group on carbon 2): deoxyribose (found in DNA)
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids contain the genetic instructions for an organism.
- There are two main types of nucleic acids:
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
- DNA:
- Is a double-stranded molecule
- Contains genetic information
- Is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- RNA:
- Is a single-stranded molecule
- Is involved in protein synthesis, translation, and gene regulation
- Is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
- Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which are made up of:
- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, G, T, or U)
- The nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids are:
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine (T)
- Uracil (U, found in RNA)
- Nucleic acids have different functions:
- DNA: genetic information storage and transmission
- RNA: protein synthesis, translation, and gene regulation
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Description
Learn about the definition, classification, and functions of carbohydrates, including their role in energy storage and release, and as structural components of cells.
