Questions and Answers
What is the branch of science that deals with the study of the chemical basis of life?
Biochemistry
What are the primary organic compounds in Biochemistry?
What type of molecule are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Polymers
What are the monomers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
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What type of reaction removes a molecule of water when connecting two monomers together?
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Carbohydrates are always made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
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What is the key source of energy used by living things?
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Study Notes
What is Biochemistry
- Biochemistry is the branch of science that deals with the study of the chemical basis of life.
- It studies the chemistry of living matters at cellular and molecular levels in living beings.
- The term "biochemistry" comes from the Greek words "bios" meaning life and "chemistry" meaning the study of matter.
Biochemistry Branch
- Biochemistry is a special branch of organic chemistry that deals with the matter inside the living cell called protoplasm.
- Protoplasm is an enormously complex mixture of organic compounds where high levels of chemical activity occur.
Primary Organic Compounds
- There are four primary organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Polymers and Monomers
- Each of these types of molecules is a polymer assembled from single units called monomers.
- Each type of macromolecule is an assemblage of a different type of monomer.
- Monomers: carbohydrates (monosaccharide), lipids (hydrocarbon chains), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides)
How Monomers Form Polymers
- In condensation reactions, a molecule of water is removed from two monomers as they are connected together.
- In a reaction opposite to condensation, a water molecule can be added (along with the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer in two.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in a ratio of 1:2:1.
- Carbohydrates are the key source of energy used by living things.
- The building blocks of carbohydrates are sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
Roots of Carbohydrates
- The roots mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly mean the number of saccharides in a carbohydrate.
- Each of these roots can be added to the word saccharide to describe the type of carbohydrate.
Polysaccharides
- Two monosaccharides combine to make a polysaccharide through dehydration synthesis.
Lipids
- Lipids are molecules that consist of long hydrocarbon chains.
- Attaching the three chains together is usually a glycerol molecule.
- Lipids are non-polar.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat
- Lipids can be either saturated or unsaturated.
Proteins
- Proteins are building blocks of structures called amino acids.
- Proteins are what your DNA codes to make.
- A peptide bond forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis.
Levels of Protein Structure
- Primary: The amino acid sequence
- Secondary: Helices and Sheets, Disulfide bridges
- Tertiary: Multiple polypeptides
- Quaternary: Connect
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of biochemistry, including its definition, significance, and relation to organic chemistry. It explores the chemical basis of life at the cellular and molecular level.
