Questions and Answers
What is the general composition of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are a group of molecules containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What is the process called when monomers join to form polymers?
Dehydration synthesis
What is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
What are the three main types of biomolecules that contain carbon?
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What is the name of the sugar molecule that is a component of nucleic acids?
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What is the general term for the polymers of sugars?
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What is the name given to the long chains of amino acids that are formed by dehydration synthesis?
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What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?
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What is dehydration synthesis, and what is its role in the formation of proteins?
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What are the six major functions of proteins in living organisms?
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What type of organic molecule is a ribosome?
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What are the four main types of organic molecules found in living organisms?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; include sugars and their polymers.
- Monomers join through dehydration synthesis to form carbohydrates; example: sucrose is a disaccharide.
- Monosaccharides include ribose, glucose, and fructose, serving as energy storage.
Proteins
- Polymers formed from amino acid monomers.
- Functions include: enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, structural support, motion, regulation, and storage.
- Dehydration synthesis binds two amino acids to form a dipeptide; a long chain of amino acids is referred to as a polypeptide.
Nucleic Acids
- Comprised of nucleotide monomers.
- Essential for storing and transferring genetic information.
Lipids
- Another category of macromolecules contributing to cell structure and energy storage.
Macromolecules
- Four main types: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.
- Constructed from smaller units called monomers, forming larger polymers.
Water
- Acts as a key solvent for life, facilitating the dissolution of hydrophilic substances like ions and polar molecules.
- The polarity of water enhances its ability to dissolve a wide range of biologically important compounds.
Biological Molecules
- Carbon forms the backbone of biological molecules, connecting to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
- Functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate, contributing to the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars that serve as monomers for larger carbohydrates.
- Essential for energy production and storage in organisms.
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Description
Learn about the composition and functions of carbohydrates and proteins, including their monomers and synthesis processes.