Biology: Carbohydrates and Proteins
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Questions and Answers

What is the general composition of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are a group of molecules containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

What is the process called when monomers join to form polymers?

Dehydration synthesis

What is an example of a disaccharide?

Sucrose

What are the three main types of biomolecules that contain carbon?

<p>Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sugar molecule that is a component of nucleic acids?

<p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the polymers of sugars?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the long chains of amino acids that are formed by dehydration synthesis?

<p>Polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration synthesis, and what is its role in the formation of proteins?

<p>Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that removes a water molecule from two monomers to join them together. In the case of proteins, this process is used to join amino acids together to form polypeptides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six major functions of proteins in living organisms?

<p>The six major functions of proteins are: enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, structural support, motion, and regulation. Some proteins also have a role in storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organic molecule is a ribosome?

<p>Ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main types of organic molecules found in living organisms?

<p>The four main types of organic molecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; include sugars and their polymers.
  • Monomers join through dehydration synthesis to form carbohydrates; example: sucrose is a disaccharide.
  • Monosaccharides include ribose, glucose, and fructose, serving as energy storage.

Proteins

  • Polymers formed from amino acid monomers.
  • Functions include: enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, structural support, motion, regulation, and storage.
  • Dehydration synthesis binds two amino acids to form a dipeptide; a long chain of amino acids is referred to as a polypeptide.

Nucleic Acids

  • Comprised of nucleotide monomers.
  • Essential for storing and transferring genetic information.

Lipids

  • Another category of macromolecules contributing to cell structure and energy storage.

Macromolecules

  • Four main types: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.
  • Constructed from smaller units called monomers, forming larger polymers.

Water

  • Acts as a key solvent for life, facilitating the dissolution of hydrophilic substances like ions and polar molecules.
  • The polarity of water enhances its ability to dissolve a wide range of biologically important compounds.

Biological Molecules

  • Carbon forms the backbone of biological molecules, connecting to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
  • Functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate, contributing to the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.

Monosaccharides

  • Simple sugars that serve as monomers for larger carbohydrates.
  • Essential for energy production and storage in organisms.

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Learn about the composition and functions of carbohydrates and proteins, including their monomers and synthesis processes.

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