45 Questions
What is the general term for sugars in various forms?
Carbohydrates
What is the empirical formula for glucose?
C6(H2O)6
Which enzyme is lacking in humans?
Cellulase
What is the term for a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom?
Aldehyde
What is the characteristic of an asymmetric carbon?
It contains four different substituents
According to Doc Zulueta, which hormone stimulates appetite during stressful situations?
Ghrelin
What type of carbohydrates are absorbed in the intestinal mucosa?
Monosaccharides
What is the term for non-mirror images, non-identical, non-superimposable compounds?
Diastereomers
How do you differentiate between D- and L- sugars?
Check the location of the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon
Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?
Sucrose
What is the term for mirror images of each other?
Enantiomers
What is the composition of sucrose?
O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside
Which of the following is not a pentose?
Fructose
What is the name of the sugar commonly referred to as table sugar?
Sucrose
What is the general term for the 'hydrates of carbon'?
Carbohydrates
After an overnight fast, which of the following will be at a higher concentration in a blood sample?
Ketone bodies
What is the consequence of a genetic defect that causes intestinal epithelial cells to produce disaccharidases of much lower activity than normal?
Decreased absorption of carbohydrates
Why do humans typically choose D-glucose?
It is the most abundant form of glucose
What is the term for isomers that share the same molecular formula but have different bonding atomic organization and bonding patterns?
Constitutional Isomers
What is the characteristic of the carbonyl group in the ketone isomer?
It is bonded to carbon number 2
What is the term for carbohydrates that are not starch?
Nonstarch Polysaccharides
What is the classification of carbohydrates based on their carbonyl or functional group?
Aldoses and Ketoses
What is the name of the method used to represent the structure of carbohydrates?
Fischer Projection
What is the term for the property of carbohydrates that rotates plane-polarized light?
Optical Activity
What is the process by which carbohydrates are broken down into simpler molecules?
Carbohydrate Digestion
What is the term for the carbohydrates that are composed of many monosaccharide units?
Polysaccharides
What is the term for the carbohydrates that are composed of a few monosaccharide units?
Oligosaccharides
What is the energy yield per gram of carbohydrates when oxidized?
4 kcal/mole
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
Glycogen
What is the function of Dextrose in medicine?
Intravenous fluids
What is the mixture of d-glucose and d-fructose used in many foods?
High Fructose Corn Syrup
What is the component of breast milk in the form of a carbohydrate?
Lactose
What is the effect of carbohydrates on the body in terms of protein metabolism?
Sparing proteins for energy production
What is the structural role of carbohydrates in the body?
Determining blood groups
What is the effect of carbohydrates on the digestive system?
Increasing the bulk of stool and preventing colon cancer
What is the energy yield per gram of lipids when oxidized?
9 kcal/mole
What type of sugar is commonly used to sweeten oatmeal?
Sucrose
Which type of carbohydrate is likely to be found in the stool of the patient mentioned in the passage?
Starch
What is the primary source of calories in the U.S. diet?
Carbohydrates
What type of glycosidic bond is found in amylopectin?
α-1,6- glycosidic bond
What is the primary reason for the patient's abdominal cramping and bloating?
Bacteria in the colon can convert fiber to H2, CO2, and methane
What is the benefit of increased dietary fiber intake?
Decreased constipation
What type of carbohydrate is linked through α-1,6- glycosidic bonds?
Amylopectin
What is the byproduct of fiber breakdown in the colon?
H2, CO2, and methane
What is the primary source of carbohydrates in the U.S. diet?
Grains
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
