Carbohydrate Structure: Sugars
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat?

  • Formation of a peptide bond
  • Formation of an ester linkage (correct)
  • Formation of a hydrogen bond
  • Formation of a glycosidic bond

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?

  • The type of fatty acid chain present
  • The presence or absence of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain (correct)
  • The type of glycerol molecule present
  • The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton

What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of different kinds of fatty acids?

  • Heterogeneous fat
  • Triacylglycerol
  • Unsaturated fat
  • Mixed fat (correct)

What is the effect of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain on the physical properties of a fat?

<p>It decreases the melting point of the fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of only one kind of fatty acid?

<p>Homogeneous fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycerol in a fat molecule?

<p>It forms the backbone of the fat molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of DNA that allows it to transmit genetic information?

<p>The complementary nature of its two strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the base pairing rule for adenine (A) in DNA?

<p>Adenine pairs with thymine (T) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the base sequence of the complementary strand if a stretch of one strand has the sequence 5′-AGGTCCG-3′?

<p>3′-TCCAGGC-5′ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

<p>DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the copies of DNA molecules when a cell divides?

<p>They are distributed to the daughter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur between regions of two RNA molecules or within the same RNA molecule?

<p>Complementary base pairing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dehydration reactions in the formation of polymers?

<p>Water molecules are released (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when polymers disassemble into monomers?

<p>Hydrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is common among carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?

<p>They are all polymers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

<p>Polymers are built from monomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the variety of polymers that can be built?

<p>The small set of monomers available (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for large carbohydrates?

<p>Polysaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ovalbumin in an egg?

<p>To serve as an amino acid source for the developing embryo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptor proteins?

<p>To respond to chemical stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin?

<p>To regulate blood sugar concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is responsible for the contraction of muscles?

<p>Actin and myosin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids do cells use to build their proteins?

<p>20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a sugar molecule?

<p>Having a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for classifying sugars as aldoses or ketoses?

<p>The location of the carbonyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sugars with a six-carbon skeleton?

<p>Hexoses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between glucose and galactose?

<p>The arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the linear representation of glucose not completely accurate?

<p>It does not reflect the actual spatial arrangement of atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the small difference in the arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon in glucose and galactose?

<p>It gives them distinctive shapes and binding activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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