Carbohydrate Structure: Sugars

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What is the result of the dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat?

Formation of a peptide bond

Formation of an ester linkage (correct)

Formation of a hydrogen bond

Formation of a glycosidic bond

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?

The type of fatty acid chain present

The presence or absence of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain (correct)

The type of glycerol molecule present

The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton

What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of different kinds of fatty acids?

Heterogeneous fat

Triacylglycerol

Unsaturated fat

Mixed fat (correct)

What is the effect of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain on the physical properties of a fat?

It decreases the melting point of the fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of only one kind of fatty acid?

Homogeneous fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycerol in a fat molecule?

It forms the backbone of the fat molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of DNA that allows it to transmit genetic information?

The complementary nature of its two strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the base pairing rule for adenine (A) in DNA?

Adenine pairs with thymine (T) Signup and view all the answers

What is the base sequence of the complementary strand if a stretch of one strand has the sequence 5′-AGGTCCG-3′?

3′-TCCAGGC-5′ Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the copies of DNA molecules when a cell divides?

They are distributed to the daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What can occur between regions of two RNA molecules or within the same RNA molecule?

Complementary base pairing Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dehydration reactions in the formation of polymers?

Water molecules are released Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when polymers disassemble into monomers?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is common among carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?

They are all polymers Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Polymers are built from monomers Signup and view all the answers

What determines the variety of polymers that can be built?

The small set of monomers available Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for large carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ovalbumin in an egg?

To serve as an amino acid source for the developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptor proteins?

To respond to chemical stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin?

To regulate blood sugar concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is responsible for the contraction of muscles?

Actin and myosin Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids do cells use to build their proteins?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a sugar molecule?

Having a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for classifying sugars as aldoses or ketoses?

The location of the carbonyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sugars with a six-carbon skeleton?

Hexoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between glucose and galactose?

The arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon Signup and view all the answers

Why is the linear representation of glucose not completely accurate?

It does not reflect the actual spatial arrangement of atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the small difference in the arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon in glucose and galactose?

It gives them distinctive shapes and binding activities Signup and view all the answers