30 Questions
What is the result of the dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat?
Formation of an ester linkage
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?
The presence or absence of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain
What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of different kinds of fatty acids?
Mixed fat
What is the effect of kinks in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain on the physical properties of a fat?
It decreases the melting point of the fat
What is the term used to describe a fat molecule composed of only one kind of fatty acid?
Homogeneous fat
What is the role of glycerol in a fat molecule?
It forms the backbone of the fat molecule
What is the key feature of DNA that allows it to transmit genetic information?
The complementary nature of its two strands
What is the base pairing rule for adenine (A) in DNA?
Adenine pairs with thymine (T)
What is the base sequence of the complementary strand if a stretch of one strand has the sequence 5′-AGGTCCG-3′?
3′-TCCAGGC-5′
What is a key difference between DNA and RNA molecules?
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
What happens to the copies of DNA molecules when a cell divides?
They are distributed to the daughter cells
What can occur between regions of two RNA molecules or within the same RNA molecule?
Complementary base pairing
What is the result of dehydration reactions in the formation of polymers?
Water molecules are released
What is the process called when polymers disassemble into monomers?
Hydrolysis
What is common among carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
They are all polymers
What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?
Polymers are built from monomers
What determines the variety of polymers that can be built?
The small set of monomers available
What is the term for large carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What is the primary function of ovalbumin in an egg?
To serve as an amino acid source for the developing embryo
Which of the following proteins is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood?
Hemoglobin
What is the primary function of receptor proteins?
To respond to chemical stimuli
What is the primary function of insulin?
To regulate blood sugar concentration
Which of the following proteins is responsible for the contraction of muscles?
Actin and myosin
How many amino acids do cells use to build their proteins?
20
What is the main characteristic of a sugar molecule?
Having a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups
What is the basis for classifying sugars as aldoses or ketoses?
The location of the carbonyl group
What is the term for sugars with a six-carbon skeleton?
Hexoses
What is the difference between glucose and galactose?
The arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon
Why is the linear representation of glucose not completely accurate?
It does not reflect the actual spatial arrangement of atoms
What is the significance of the small difference in the arrangement of parts around one asymmetric carbon in glucose and galactose?
It gives them distinctive shapes and binding activities
Learn about the characteristics of sugars, including the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, and how they are classified as aldoses or ketoses based on the location of the carbonyl group. Understand the difference between glucose and fructose, and how sugars are named.
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