Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing Systems Part 3

Building Utilities 1 - Plumbing and Sanitary System (Part 3)

• ARC 142 course covers plumbing and sanitary systems
• Overhead Tank/Gravity Supply Tank:
  • Does not use pressure, relies on gravity
  • Used in overhead feed systems
  • Components include: supply pipe, inlet, overflow pipe, drip pan, gate valves
• Cistern:
  • Typically built of reinforced concrete
  • Located underground
  • Connected to a pump
  • Used for water storage
• Pneumatic Water Tank:
  • Uses air pressure systems often with a pump
  • Includes a pressure-relieving valve to manage excess pressure
  • Pressure gauge measures water pressure in the system
  • Automatic pressure switch controls the well pump based on pressure changes
• Bladder Type Pressure Tank:
  • Pressurized air and water separated by a membrane
  • Pre-charged with air at the factory
• Hot Water Tank:
  • Range Boiler:
    • Small (30-60 cm diameter, 180 cm max length)
    • Made from galvanized steel, copper, or stainless steel
    • Working pressure limit: 85-150 psi
  • Storage Boiler:
    • Large (60-130 cm diameter, 5m max length)
    • Made from heavy-duty material with rust-proof paint
    • Working pressure limit: 65-100 psi
• Range Boiler:
  • An older type of domestic hot water heater
  • Uses a separate hot water tank connected to a heating boiler
  • Provides a large hot water volume but with slow recovery
  • Early models were heated by coal or wood
  • Some later versions used a separate gas/coal heater
• Storage Boiler:
  • Produces hot water for heating and domestic use
  • Incorporates a hot water tank for storage
  • Allows for immediate hot water availability
• Valves and Controls:
  • Gate Valve:
    • Full-way valve used to fully open or completely close the flow
    • Components include valve body, seat, disc, spindle, gland, and a wheel for operation
    • Wedge shape or tapered disc valve and Double disc valve are types
  • Globe Valve:
    • Controls water flow by a movable spindle
    • Three types: plug type disc valve, conventional disc valve, composition disc valve
  • Check Valve:
    • Prevents reverse flow
    • Four types: swing check valve, lift check valve, vertical check valve, and horizontal check valve
  • Angle Valve:
    • Creates a 90° turn in a pipe system
  • Foot Valve:
    • Located at the pump's lower end
    • Prevents loss of priming in the pump
  • Safety Valve:
    • Used to control excessive pressure, such as in water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines, and other pipe lines
• Types of Faucets:
  • Compression Cock:
    • Operates by compressing soft packing against a metal sheet
  • Key Cock:
    • Uses a round, tapered plug fitted to a metal plate
  • Ball Faucet:
    • Has a ball connected to the handle for operation
  • Hose Bibb:
    • For hose attachment for a threaded end
• Water Distribution System:
  • Service Pipe:
    • Connects the water main to the building
  • Water Meter:
    • Measures water usage
  • Distribution Pipe:
    • Carries water through the building
  • Riser:
    • A water pipe going up at least one story to supply water
  • Fixture Branch:
    • Carries water to specific fixtures
  • Fixture Supply:
    • Connects the fixture branch to a specific fixture
• Cold Water Distribution System:
  • Direct (Upfeed)
    • Uses normal water pressure from the city main directly
  • Indirect (Downfeed)
    • Uses gravity system or hydro-pneumatic
• Corporation stop, Curb stop, Meter stop:
  • Valves used to control access to water for a building, connection of the water main to the building.
• Hydro-Pneumatic System/Air Pressure System:
  • System uses compressed air to raise water pressure to higher floors when city water pressure is not sufficient enough
• Downfeed/Gravity System:
  • Water pumped into a large tank at the top of a building before distribution using gravity.
• Sanitary Drainage System:
  • System for carrying wastewater away from buildings
  • Includes waste pipes, vent pipes, traps, stacks, and branches
  • Common P-Trap, Deep Seal P-Trap, Stand Trap, Running Trap, and Drum Trap are different types of drainage traps.
  • Minimum slope for drainage pipes:  2% or 20mm/m (4" per foot)

This quiz focuses on the plumbing and sanitary systems as part of the ARC 142 course. Topics include gravity supply tanks, cisterns, pneumatic water tanks, and bladder type pressure tanks. Test your understanding of these essential building utilities.