Questions and Answers
What is the shape of the nucleus in macrophages?
Which characteristic is true for basophils' cytoplasm?
What is the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C ratio) of a lymphoblast?
Which of the following lymphocyte types is responsible for humoral immunity?
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What is a distinguishing feature of small lymphocytes?
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Which type of cell has granules that tend to wash out when stained?
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Prolymphocytes are characterized by which of the following?
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What is the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
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Which description accurately depicts the chromatin in monoblasts?
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What feature is characteristic of medium lymphocytes?
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What shape is the nucleus of a large lymphocyte typically?
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Which type of granules do eosinophils contain?
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How do the granules of basophils appear in stained samples?
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What characteristic does a myeloblast have regarding its nucleus?
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Which of the following is a feature of eosinophils?
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What is the typical N/C ratio of a promyelocyte?
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How does the chromatin pattern of a metamyelocyte typically appear?
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Which statement is true regarding the cytoplasm of neutrophils?
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Which cell type is characterized by having a nucleus that is indented or kidney-shaped?
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What is a prominent characteristic of monocytes?
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In a myelocyte, how is the cytoplasm described?
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What distinguishes mature neutrophils from other leukocyte types?
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What is characteristic of the cytoplasm of a promyelocyte?
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Which leukocyte type has a nucleus that may show slight lobulation?
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The chromatin pattern in the nucleus of a myeloblast is typically described as what?
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What is the relative size range for a metamyelocyte?
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What typically signifies the maturation phase of granulocyte series?
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Study Notes
Leukocytes Overview
- Divided into granulocytic and agranulocytic series.
- Essential for immune response and defense against pathogens.
Granulocytic Series
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Myeloblast
- Size: 15-20 µm with a small blue cytoplasm.
- Nucleus occupies 4/5 of the cell; N/C ratio - 4:1.
- Contains 2-5 nucleoli with fine chromatin pattern.
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Promyelocyte
- Size: 15-21 µm, larger than myeloblast.
- Cytoplasm is pale blue, basophilic with many azurophilic granules.
- Nucleus occupies half or more of the cell; N/C ratio - 3:1 to 2:1.
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Myelocyte
- Size: 12-18 µm with moderate cytoplasm showing specific granules.
- Nucleus may have single fold; N/C ratio - 3:1 to 2:1.
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Metamyelocyte
- Size: 10-15 µm; Cytoplasm moderate with specific granules.
- Nucleus is indented or kidney-shaped with coarse chromatin.
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Band (Stab) Cell
- Size: 9-15 µm; elongated or band-shaped nucleus.
- Deeply indented nucleus compared to metamyelocyte.
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Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Cells)
- Size: 9-15 µm; pink to rose-violet specific granules.
- Nucleus typically has 2-5 lobes; contains lysozyme, lactoferrin, and more.
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Eosinophils
- Size: 9-15 µm; contains large reddish-orange granules.
- Nucleus usually has two lobes; involved in combating parasitic infections.
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Basophils
- Size: 10-16 µm; cytoplasm is slightly pink with dark granules.
- Granules include histamine and heparin; nucleus bilobed or segmented.
Agranulocytic Series
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Monoblast
- Size: 12-20 µm; moderately basophilic and non-granular cytoplasm.
- Nucleus is ovoid or round with a N/C ratio of 4:1.
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Promonocyte
- Size: 14-18 µm; blue-gray cytoplasm with azurophilic granules.
- Nucleus round or oval; N/C ratio - 4:1.
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Monocyte
- Size: 15-20 µm; abundant blue-gray cytoplasm with pseudopods.
- Horse-shoe shaped nucleus, no nucleoli visible.
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Macrophages
- Size: 40-50 µm; cytoplasm is pale and often vacuolated.
- Nucleus is oval with prominent nucleolus; involved in phagocytosis.
Lymphocytic Series
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Lymphoblast
- Size: 10-18 µm; smooth cytoplasm with no granules.
- Nucleus round/oval with a N/C ratio of 4:1.
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Prolymphocyte
- Size may match precursor; blue cytoplasm with possibly azurophilic granules.
- Nucleus round or slightly indented.
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Small Lymphocyte
- Thin rim of cytoplasm, dense round/oval nucleus with clumped chromatin.
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Medium Lymphocyte
- More abundant cytoplasm than small lymphocyte; round/oval nucleus.
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Large Lymphocyte
- Abundant pale blue cytoplasm; eccentrically located nucleus.
B and T Lymphocytes
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B Lymphocytes
- Comprise 10-20% of lymphocytes.
- Develop into plasma cells producing immunoglobulins; essential for humoral immunity.
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T Lymphocytes
- Make up 60-80% of lymphocytes; mature in the thymus.
- Key role in cellular immunity and interacting with antigens.
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Natural Killer (NK) Cells
- Less than 10% of lymphocytes; target tumor and virus-infected cells.
- Resemble large granular lymphocytes morphologically.
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Description
Explore the key features of leukocytes, focusing on the granulocytic and agranulocytic series. This quiz covers essential aspects of leukocyte structure, including nucleus shape and chromatin characteristics. Test your knowledge on these fundamental components of blood biology.
