Differential Leukocyte Count Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total leukocytes are neutrophils in an adult?

  • 20 – 30
  • 2 – 10
  • 1 – 4
  • 50 – 70 (correct)

What is the typical diameter of a neutrophil?

  • 20 – 25 µm
  • 14 – 19 µm
  • 10 – 12 µm (correct)
  • 6 – 8 µm

What is the shape of the nucleus in a monocyte?

  • Round
  • Irregular
  • Kidney-shaped (correct)
  • Lobulated

What is the function of the granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils?

<p>To liberate enzymes to kill bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for leukocytes with nuclei consisting of multiple lobes?

<p>Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total leukocytes are lymphocytes in an adult?

<p>20 – 30 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding cedar wood oil to the smear?

<p>To enable the use of oil immersion lens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical percentage of eosinophils in total WBCs?

<p>1-4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of white blood cells that should be counted for a reliable result?

<p>100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of the nucleus in basophils?

<p>S-shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils?

<p>Neutrophilia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for a slight increase in neutrophils under physiological conditions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymphocytes?

<p>Antibody formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Leishman's stain in the blood film preparation?

<p>To identify the different types of white blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of small lymphocytes?

<p>6-8 µm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the differential count of white blood cells?

<p>Expressing the result in absolute numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the cytoplasm of monocytes?

<p>It has a 'ground-glass' appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal percentage of monocytes in total WBCs?

<p>2-10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with eosinopenia?

<p>Acute pyogenic infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of neutropenia?

<p>Drugs like chloramphenicol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is associated with monocytosis?

<p>Infectious mononucleosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with lymphocytosis?

<p>Chronic infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of basophilia?

<p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with lymphocytopenia?

<p>Patients on ACTH and steroid therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBCs) that play a key role in the immune system, fighting infections and protecting the body.

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs)

WBCs with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. They are also known as granulocytes.

Neutrophils

The most abundant type of WBC, responsible for engulfing and destroying bacteria through phagocytosis.

Eosinophils

WBCs with a two-lobed nucleus and large, orange-red staining granules. They play a role in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

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Basophils

The least common type of WBC, with a bilobed, S-shaped nucleus and dark-blue granules filled with histamine and heparin. Involved in allergic responses and inflammation.

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Lymphocytes

WBCs responsible for adaptive immunity, producing antibodies and attacking specific pathogens.

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Monocytes

Large, phagocytic WBCs that can engulf and destroy pathogens. They also present antigens to T lymphocytes, stimulating the adaptive immune response.

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Differential Leukocyte Count

A laboratory test that counts and analyzes the different types of WBCs in a blood sample. It helps to identify infections, inflammation, or other medical conditions.

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Neutrophilia

An increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood, often indicating an acute bacterial infection.

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Neutropenia

A decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood, which can be caused by various conditions like certain infections or drug treatments.

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Lymphocytosis

An increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, often indicating a chronic infection or viral infection.

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Lymphocytopenia

A decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, which can be caused by conditions like steroid therapy.

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Eosinophilia

An increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, often associated with allergies, parasitic infections, or certain inflammatory conditions.

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Eosinopenia

A decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood, which can occur during acute infections or steroid therapy.

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Basophilia

An increase in the number of basophils in the blood, often seen in conditions like chronic myeloid leukemia or allergic reactions.

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Monocytosis

An increase in the number of monocytes in the blood, often associated with various infections, including infectious mononucleosis or malaria.

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Study Notes

Leukocytes

  • There are 5 types of leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

  • Have nuclei consisting of a number of lobes
  • Also called granulocytes due to small granules in their cytoplasm
  • 3 types: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Neutrophils

  • Diameter: 10-12 µm
  • Nucleus: 2-5 lobes, densely staining
  • Cytoplasm: fine dark-blue or purple granules, lysosomal in nature, able to kill bacteria
  • Percentage: 50-70% of total WBCs

Eosinophils

  • Diameter: 10-12 µm
  • Nucleus: usually 2 lobes
  • Cytoplasm: densely packed with large oval granules, staining bright red or orange
  • Percentage: 1-4% of total WBCs

Basophils

  • Diameter: 8-10 µm
  • Nucleus: irregular, divided into 2 lobes (S-shape)
  • Cytoplasm: contains dark-blue granules, containing heparin and histamine
  • Percentage: <1% of total WBCs

Lymphocytes

  • Concerned with antibody formation
  • Two forms: small (6-8 µm) and large (12-16 µm)
  • Small lymphocytes: round nucleus, densely staining condensed chromatin, thin rim, blue cytoplasm
  • Large lymphocytes: more plentiful cytoplasm, staining pale blue, sometimes showing a few granules
  • Percentage: 20-45% of total WBCs

Monocytes

  • Largest white blood cells
  • Nucleus: irregular shape, fine chromatin, often kidney-shaped (Reni form)
  • Cytoplasm: blue-gray color, "ground-glass" appearance, contains lysosomal granules and vacuoles
  • Percentage: 2-10% of total WBCs

Differential Leukocyte Count

  • Performed by examining a blood film stained with Leishman's stain under immersion oil
  • Apparatus and reagents: glass slide, Leishman's stain, cedar wood oil, microscope
  • Procedure: prepare and stain blood film, examine under immersion oil, count at least 100 WBCs, record count, and calculate percentage of each type of cell

Variations in Leukocyte Count

  • Neutrophilia (increase in neutrophils): seen in acute pyogenic infections, physiological conditions, and certain diseases
  • Neutropenia (decrease in neutrophils): seen in typhoid and paratyphoid fever, malaria, aplastic anemia, and certain drug treatments
  • Lymphocytosis (increase in lymphocytes): seen in chronic infections, tuberculosis, and whooping cough
  • Lymphocytopenia (decrease in lymphocytes): seen in patients on ACTH and steroid therapy
  • Eosinophilia (increase in eosinophils): seen in allergic conditions, pulmonary eosinophilia, and intestinal infestation with worms
  • Eosinopenia (decrease in eosinophils): seen in acute pyogenic infections and patients on ACTH and steroid therapy
  • Basophilia (increase in basophils): seen in chronic myeloid leukemia, small pox, and polycythemia
  • Monocytosis (increase in monocytes): seen in infectious mononucleosis, malaria, and kala azar

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