Bronchodilator Knowledge Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the most common devices used to administer inhaled aerosols?

  • Pill dispenser, Intravenous infusion, Intramuscular injection, Eye dropper
  • Metered-dose inhaler (MDI), Soft-mist inhaler (Respimat), Small-volume nebulizer (SVN), Dry-powder inhaler (DPI) (correct)
  • Nasal cannula, Oxygen mask, Endotracheal tube, Tracheostomy tube
  • Nasal spray, Oral inhaler, Transdermal patch, Subcutaneous injection

    • What are the advantages of inhaled aerosols?

  • Smaller doses, Rapid onset of action, Targeted delivery, Fewer and less severe systemic side effects (correct)
  • Large doses, Slow onset of action, Non-targeted delivery, More severe systemic side effects
  • No need for patient cooperation, Long-lasting effects, Lower cost, Minimal device variability
  • Higher bioavailability, Lower risk of infection, Reduced risk of adverse reactions, Reduced risk of overdose

    • What neurotransmitter is involved in the sympathetic system of lung control?

  • Norepinephrine (epinephrine) (correct)
  • Dopamine
  • Acetylcholine
  • Serotonin

    • What neurotransmitter is involved in the parasympathetic system of lung control?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the disadvantages of inhaled aerosols?

    <p>Number of variables affecting the delivered dose, Lack of adequate knowledge of device performance, Use among patients and caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method by which drugs are made available to the body through direct delivery to the respiratory tract?

    <p>Inhalation route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a combined B2 agonist and muscarinic antagonist?

    <p>Combivent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations in patients with severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations?

    <p>Roflumilast (Daliresp)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication promotes pulmonary vasodilation, coronary vasodilation, cardiac stimulation, enhanced diaphragmatic contractility, CNS stimulation, and diuresis?

    <p>Theophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a PDE inhibitor used in COPD patients to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations?

    <p>Roflumilast (Daliresp)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an adjunctive bronchodilator in patients with severe, life-threatening asthma exacerbations?

    <p>Magnesium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a combination of umeclidinium and vilanterol?

    <p>Anoro Ellipta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an add-on therapy for COPD and asthma, requiring monitoring of serum concentrations and potential for serious adverse effects?

    <p>Theophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication does not cause bronchodilation and is not a bronchodilator, but is used to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients?

    <p>Roflumilast (Daliresp)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor stimulation causes vasoconstriction by adrenergic bronchodilators?

    <p>Alpha-receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bronchodilator is indicated for status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis, and acute mucosal edema?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of adrenergic bronchodilators?

    <p>Tremors, headache, insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for short-acting adrenergic bronchodilators?

    <p>2-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for anticholinergic bronchodilators?

    <p>Blocking effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimuscarinic bronchodilator is commonly indicated for COPD and acute asthma?

    <p>Ipratropium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bronchodilators Classification and Usage

    • Bronchodilators can be classified as agonists (stimulating agents) or antagonists (blocking agents) and are categorized as adrenergic, antiadrenergic, cholinergic, anticholinergic, and muscarinic.
    • Adrenergic bronchodilators are used for relief of acute reversible airflow obstruction and maintenance bronchodilation in patients with obstructive lung disease.
    • They work by stimulating alpha-receptors causing vasoconstriction, beta-1-receptors increasing heart rate, and beta-2-receptors relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.
    • Sympathomimetics with an alpha-effect and corticosteroids are used to decrease mucosal edema, while sympathomimetics (B-adrenergic) provide relief for bronchospasm.
    • Short-acting adrenergic bronchodilators include Albuterol and Levalbuterol, offering rapid onset within 10-15 minutes and a duration of 2-8 hours.
    • Long-acting adrenergic bronchodilators include Arformoterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol, Olodaterol, Salmeterol, and Vilanterol, with durations ranging from 12 to 24 hours.
    • Epinephrine and Racemic epinephrine are used for status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis, acute mucosal edema, croup, and laryngeal edema.
    • Adverse effects of adrenergic bronchodilators include tremors, headache, insomnia, nervousness, palpitations, tachycardia, and hypokalemia.
    • Assessment of bronchodilator therapy involves evaluating vital signs, breath sounds, breathing patterns, and the patient’s subjective response.
    • Anticholinergic bronchodilators, also known as parasympatholytics, block the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, leading to bronchodilation, increased heart rate, and drying of pulmonary secretions.
    • They are used for maintenance treatment in COPD and during acute asthma attacks, often in combination with beta-agonists.
    • Short-acting antimuscarinic agents include ipratropium, with a rapid onset within 15 minutes and a duration of 4-6 hours, commonly indicated for COPD and acute asthma.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of bronchodilators with this quiz. Explore the classification and usage of adrenergic and anticholinergic bronchodilators, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects. Gain insights into the assessment of bronchodilator therapy and the specific medications involved.

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