Bronchodilators in Asthma Management

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Questions and Answers

What are the indications of aminophylline? (Select all that apply)

  • Bronchospasm (correct)
  • COPD (correct)
  • Heart disease
  • Asthma (correct)

What class is aminophylline in?

  • Bronchodilator (correct)
  • Xanthine derivative (correct)
  • Corticosteroid
  • Antibiotic

What is the action of aminophylline?

Relaxes smooth muscle and stimulates diaphragm.

What are the side effects of aminophylline? (Select all that apply)

<p>Irritability (B), Nausea and vomiting (C), Tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adult dosage for aminophylline?

<p>Loading dose 6 mg/kg IV, then 0.4-0.9 mg/kg/h IV continuous infusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pediatric dosage for aminophylline?

<p>Load 6 mg/kg IV then 1 mg/kg/h IV continuous infusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for aminophylline? (Select all that apply)

<p>Uncontrolled arrhythmias (B), Seizure disorder (C), Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is aminophylline supplied?

<p>Tabs 100, 200 mg; pr tabs 100, 200 mg; solutions 105 mg/5mL; injection 25 mg/mL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the special considerations for aminophylline?

<p>Very narrow therapeutic range; determine patient history for other methylxanthine use; sudden increase in blood pressure may be a sign of toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the drug interactions of aminophylline? (Select all that apply)

<p>Increased effects with cimetidine, ciprofloxacin (A), Decreased effects of lithium, phenytoin, adenosine (B), Decreased effects with phenobarbital, aminoglutethimide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the indication of aminophylline?

Aminophylline is used to relax the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is a bronchodilator, effective in treating conditions like asthma and bronchospasm.

What class of medication is aminophylline?

Aminophylline is classified as a bronchodilator, meaning it widens the airways by relaxing the muscles surrounding them.

How does aminophylline work?

Aminophylline works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing them to expand and improving airflow. It also stimulates the diaphragm, the primary muscle of breathing.

What are some side effects of aminophylline?

Irritability is a possible side effect of aminophylline. Other side effects may include tremors, nausea, and headache.

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What is the usual adult dosage of aminophylline?

For adults, the loading dose of aminophylline is 6 mg/kg given intravenously followed by a continuous infusion at 0.4-0.9 mg/kg per hour intravenously.

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What is the usual pediatric dosage of aminophylline?

For children, the initial loading dose is 6 mg/kg intravenously, then 1 mg/kg per hour intravenously as a continuous infusion.

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What is a contraindication for aminophylline?

Aminophylline is generally contraindicated in individuals with uncontrolled arrhythmias, which are irregular heartbeats.

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How is aminophylline supplied?

Aminophylline is available in various forms, including oral tablets (100mg and 200mg), oral sustained-release tablets (100mg and 200mg), solutions (105 mg/5mL), and intravenous injections (25 mg/mL).

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What are some special considerations when using aminophylline?

The therapeutic window for aminophylline is narrow, indicating a small difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose. It is crucial to determine if the patient is using other methylxanthines. A sudden increase in blood pressure can signal toxicity, so close monitoring is essential.

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What are some drug interactions with aminophylline?

Cimetidine and ciprofloxacin can increase the effects of aminophylline.

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Study Notes

Indications

  • Used for asthma management.
  • Effective in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • Treats bronchospasm in various conditions.

Classification

  • Classified as a bronchodilator.
  • Falls under xanthine derivatives.

Mechanism of Action

  • Relaxes smooth muscles in bronchi and pulmonary vessels.
  • Stimulates the diaphragm to aid breathing.

Side Effects

  • Common side effects include nausea and vomiting.
  • Can cause irritability and tachycardia.
  • May lead to serious complications like ventricular arrhythmias and seizures.

Adult Dosage

  • Initial loading dose: 6 mg/kg IV.
  • Followed by a continuous infusion of 0.4-0.9 mg/kg/h IV.

Pediatric Dosage

  • Initial loading dose: 6 mg/kg IV.
  • Continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h IV thereafter.

Contraindications

  • Avoid in patients with uncontrolled arrhythmias.
  • Not recommended for those with hypertension or seizure disorders.
  • Contraindicated in hyperthyroidism and peptic ulcers.

Pharmaceutical Formulations

  • Available in tablet form (100 mg, 200 mg).
  • Also available as suppositories (100 mg, 200 mg).
  • Solutions come in a concentration of 105 mg/5mL.
  • Injection formulation is at 25 mg/mL.

Special Considerations

  • Has a very narrow therapeutic range, requiring careful monitoring.
  • Patient history should include other methylxanthine uses to prevent interactions.
  • Sudden increases in blood pressure can indicate potential toxicity.

Drug Interactions

  • May decrease the effects of lithium, phenytoin, and adenosine.
  • Reduced effects when used with phenobarbital, barbiturates, and rifampin.
  • Increased effects noted with cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and certain dietary factors like tobacco and charcoal-broiled foods.

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