24 Questions
Which of the following is a major trigger of bronchoconstriction?
Bronchospasm
Which device is NOT commonly used to administer inhaled aerosols?
Oral tablets
Which category of bronchodilators is associated with adverse effects such as tachycardia and tremors?
Sympathomimetic
What is the primary mechanism of action of anticholinergic bronchodilators?
Blockade of muscarinic receptors
Which of the following is true about Roflumilast (Daliresp)?
It is used to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations in severe COPD patients
What is the primary function of Magnesium sulfate in severe asthma exacerbations?
Causing smooth muscle relaxation
Which medication is a combined B2 agonist and muscarinic antagonist?
Combivent
What is the primary therapeutic use of Methylxanthines like Theophylline?
Bronchodilation in COPD and asthma
Which medication is used as an adjunctive bronchodilator in severe, life-threatening asthma exacerbations?
Magnesium sulfate
What is the primary effect of combined B2 agonist and muscarinic antagonist medications like Combivent?
Bronchodilation
Which medication is taken orally and used to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations in severe COPD patients?
Roflumilast (Daliresp)
What is the primary adverse effect of Magnesium sulfate used as an adjunctive bronchodilator?
Flushing
What is the primary neurotransmitter for sympathetic (adrenergic) receptors in the lung?
Norepinephrine
Which receptors do adrenergic bronchodilators stimulate to achieve relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle?
Alpha-receptors
Which medication is a long-acting antimuscarinic agent used for extended bronchodilation?
Salmeterol
What is the primary adverse effect of adrenergic bronchodilators?
Insomnia
Which neurotransmitter do anticholinergic bronchodilators act as competitive antagonists for on airway smooth muscle?
Acetylcholine
Which category of bronchodilators is used for maintenance treatment in COPD and during acute asthma attacks?
Anticholinergic
Which medication provides rapid onset (within 10 mins) and is used for acute bronchospasm?
Albuterol
Which medication has a longer duration of action and is usually indicated for patients with cardiac concerns?
Levalbuterol
Which medication is a nonselective sympathomimetic used for conditions like status asthmaticus and acute mucosal edema?
Racemic epinephrine
Which adverse effect is associated with adrenergic bronchodilators?
Tremors
Which category of bronchodilators are used for acute relief of airflow obstruction and maintenance bronchodilation in patients with obstructive lung disease?
Adrenergic
Which medication is a long-acting bronchodilator that provides bronchodilation for extended periods?
Formoterol
Study Notes
Bronchodilator Medications in Respiratory Therapy
- Inhaled aerosols have advantages such as rapid drug action and targeted delivery, but they also have disadvantages due to variable delivered doses and lack of knowledge of device performance.
- The lung contains sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) receptors, with norepinephrine and acetylcholine as the respective neurotransmitters.
- Adrenergic bronchodilators, including short-acting and long-acting agents, are used for acute relief of airflow obstruction and maintenance bronchodilation in patients with obstructive lung disease.
- Adrenergic bronchodilators work by stimulating alpha-receptors, beta-1 receptors, and beta-2 receptors to achieve vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
- Sympathomimetics and corticosteroids help relieve mucosal edema, while sympathomimetics and anticholinergics are used to relieve bronchospasm.
- Adrenergic bronchodilators are classified as short-acting (SABA), long-acting (LABA), and ultra long-acting, with examples including albuterol, levalbuterol, and racemic epinephrine.
- Albuterol, a short-acting bronchodilator, has rapid onset (within 10 mins) and is used for acute bronchospasm, while levalbuterol has a longer duration of action and is usually indicated for patients with cardiac concerns.
- Long-acting bronchodilators, such as arformoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, salmeterol, and vilanterol, provide bronchodilation for extended periods.
- Nonselective sympathomimetics like epinephrine and racemic epinephrine are used for conditions like status asthmaticus and acute mucosal edema.
- Adverse effects of adrenergic bronchodilators include tremors, headache, insomnia, and tachycardia, and assessment of bronchodilator therapy involves evaluating vital signs and breath sounds before and after treatment.
- Anticholinergic bronchodilators, also known as parasympatholytics, are used for maintenance treatment in COPD and during acute asthma attacks, and they act as competitive antagonists for acetylcholine on airway smooth muscle.
- Long-acting antimuscarinic agents, such as aclidinium, glycopyrrolate, tiotropium, and umeclidinium, provide bronchodilation for extended periods and have varying durations of action.
Test your knowledge of bronchodilator medications in respiratory therapy with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms of action, classification, and examples of adrenergic and anticholinergic bronchodilators, along with their indications and adverse effects. Brush up on essential concepts for managing obstructive lung diseases and acute airflow obstruction.
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