Body Water Distribution in Adults

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What percentage of body weight is attributed to total body water in an average lean, adult female?

50-55% (correct)

55-60%

60-65%

65-70%

What is the proportion of extracellular fluid to total body water?

1/2

3/4

1/3 (correct)

2/3

What is the proportion of intracellular fluid to total body water?

3/4

1/3

2/3 (correct)

1/2

What is the proportion of plasma to extracellular fluid?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Why do females have lower total body water compared to adult males?

They have more adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is true about obese individuals in terms of total body water?

They have a lower proportion of TBW to body weight Signup and view all the answers

Why do children, infants, and neonates have more body water compared to adults?

They have a higher proportion of body water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the learning objectives in this topic?

To compare and contrast the body fluid compartments Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidney in regulating electrolytes?

It filters out excess electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What force is responsible for water reabsorption in the nephron?

Osmotic force Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on vascular smooth muscles?

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ADH binding to V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles?

Increase in total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that helps conserve water during dehydration or loss of blood volume?

Formation of hyperosmotic urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of SIADH on the collecting duct?

Increased permeability to water Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excess water in the ECF in SIADH?

Cell swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on potassium reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Increased potassium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the majority of potassium reabsorption in the nephron?

Proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of SIADH on urine output?

Decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total body water is intracellular fluid?

66.6% Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate osmolality of intracellular fluid?

275-295 mOsm/kg water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the extracellular fluid volume?

Sodium ion concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of water movement when the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside?

Into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+ K+ ATPase pump in the cell membrane?

To pump Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of extracellular fluid that is intravascular fluid?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of water movement when the osmotic pressure outside the cell is higher than inside?

Out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the total body water of a 70 kg male?

42 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of total body water that is extracellular fluid?

33.3% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is notorious for producing substances with hormonal effects?

Small cell cancer of the lung Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate range of osmolality across all fluid compartments?

275 to 295 mOsm/kg Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is the largest contributor to serum osmolality?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for computing serum osmolality?

(2)Na + Glucose/18 + BUN/1.8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ADH in regulating body osmolality?

Regulating water balance Signup and view all the answers

Where is ADH produced in the body?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of changes in plasma osmolality?

Changes in water balance status Signup and view all the answers

What can high glucose levels, as seen in diabetes, affect?

Serum osmolality Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gibbs-Donnan effect responsible for?

Electroneutrality with equal positive and negative ions inside cells Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a net gain of volume in the ECF with no change in osmolality?

There is no change in ICF volume and osmolality Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ECF osmolality in Patient E with high fever?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a loop diuretic on the ECF?

It decreases the reabsorption of NaCl and water Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ICF volume in Patient C given a loop diuretic?