Body Fluids Composition and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate daily intake of fluid for an adult human at rest?

1,000 ml

3,500 ml

1,200 ml

2,500 ml (correct)

What is the term for the excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissue spaces?

Hypotension

Dehydration

Edema (correct)

Overhydration

What is the primary function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Regulating body temperature

Stimulating thirst

Controlling the amount of sweat produced

Maintaining blood pressure, blood volume, and tissue water content (correct)

What happens to plasma osmolarity in a person who is dehydrated?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the system that controls fluid volume, which is activated when blood volume decreases?

The Renin-angiotensin system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of edema?

A disruption of the filtration and osmotic forces of the body's circulating fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that occurs when excessive amounts of water, low sodium or hypotonic solutions are taken or given?

Water intoxication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thirst center in the hypothalamus?

Stimulating or inhibiting the desire to drink Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ANP released from the right atrium?

Correcting overload imbalances Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total body weight do electrolytes represent?

7% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an intracellular electrolyte?

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for having too much of a certain mineral in the body?

Hyper Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of electrolyte imbalance?

Kidney damage caused by illness Signup and view all the answers

How are electrolyte concentrations measured and expressed?

Milliequivalents Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of an adult human body is composed of fluid?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intracellular fluid?

Maintaining cell shape and stabilizing cell components Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportion of water in the Intra Cellular Fluid (ICF) compared to the Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF)?

Two-thirds in ICF and one-third in ECF Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in catalytic actions in the body?

Accelerating a large number of chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?

Both the endocrine and nervous systems Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sources of water to the body?

Dietary liquids and solid foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body regulates heat loss?

Sweating and evaporation of water Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disturbance in the balance of water and electrolytes in the body?

Disturbances of water homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Fluids

Fluids make up approximately 60% of the adult human body, primarily composed of water and ions.
Body fluids are divided into two main compartments: intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
ICF makes up two-thirds of the body's water, while ECF makes up one-third.
ICF functions as a stabilizing agent, maintains cell shape, and assists with transport of nutrients across the cell membrane.
ECF appears as interstitial tissue fluid and intravascular fluid.

Functions of Water

Acts as a solvent for cellular components.
Has catalytic action, accelerating chemical reactions in the body.
Provides lubricating actions, preventing friction in joints and other areas.
Regulates heat loss through evaporation from skin and lungs and removal in urine.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Fluid and electrolyte balance is a dynamic process crucial for life and homeostasis.
Homeostasis is maintained by the endocrine system and nervous system.
Sources of water to the body include dietary liquids, solid foods, and oxidation of foodstuffs.
Water output occurs through urine, respiration, lactation, feces, tears, and evaporation from skin and lungs.

Normal Intake and Output

Daily intake: approximately 2,500 ml of fluid.
Levels of intake: fluids (1,200 ml), foods (1,000 ml), and metabolic products (30 ml).
Daily output should be approximately equal to intake.

Overhydration and Dehydration

Overhydration: occurs when too much water is taken without solute, leading to decreased plasma osmolarity.
Water intoxication: occurs when excessive amounts of water, low-sodium, or hypotonic solutions are taken.
Dehydration: occurs when water is lost without solute, leading to increased plasma osmolarity.
Treatment of dehydration: supplemental fluids and electrolytes are often administered.

Fluid Regulation Mechanisms

Thirst center: regulates the desire to drink.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): controls blood pressure, blood volume, and tissue water content.
Renin-angiotensin system (RAA): controls fluid volume by regulating blood flow to the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): released by the heart to correct overload imbalances.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes: substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, making up 7% of total body weight.
Functions of electrolytes:
- Maintain acid-base balance.
- Maintain normal osmolality and volume of body fluid.
- Regulate nerve and muscle function.
- Help rebuild damaged tissue.
Electrolytes are found in the form of inorganic salts, acids, and bases.
Electrolyte concentrations are measured according to their chemical activity and expressed as milliequivalents.

Intracellular and Extracellular Electrolytes

Intracellular electrolytes: potassium, magnesium, sulfate, phosphate, and others.
Extracellular electrolytes: sodium, chlorine, calcium, bicarbonate, and others.

Electrolyte Imbalance

Causes:
- Kidney damage caused by illness, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
- Severe vomiting, diarrhea, GI malabsorption.
- Lifestyle factors, such as drinking too much water and eating poorly.
- Inherited genetic conditions.
Types of electrolyte disorders:
- Hyper (too high).
- Hypo (too low).

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Description

Learn about the composition and functions of body fluids, including intracellular and extracellular fluids, their roles in the human body, and their distribution.