Body Fluids and Electrolytes: Learning Objectives

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What percentage of body weight does Total body water (TBW) constitute in young women?

30-35%

55-60%

65-70%

45-50% (correct)

Which compartment represents approximately 67% of the total body water?

Plasma

Extracellular compartment

Intracellular compartment (correct)

Interstitial fluid

What is the effect of an isotonic solution on red blood cells (RBCs)?

RBCs will hemolyse

RBCs will crenate

RBCs will not gain or lose H20 (correct)

RBCs will undergo no change

What is the approximate percentage of extracellular fluid in the total body weight?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological factor that affects Total Body Water (TBW)?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What are biomolecules mainly composed of?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon so predominant in living systems?

Because of the ability of carbon atoms to bond together to form long chains and rings Signup and view all the answers

What are the common functional groups present in biomolecules?

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What elements make up more than 97% of the weight of most organisms?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemistry of biological systems called?

Biochemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

Controlling the levels of blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes mellitus, what is the primary consequence of insufficient production of insulin?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for producing insulin in the pancreas?

β cells Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Relatively low or no insulin production by the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Lifestyle factors and genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal fasting plasma glucose level for diagnosing diabetes?

Less than 110 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What does impaired fasting glucose (IFG) refer to?

Fasting blood glucose between 110-126 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What does a blood glucose level between 140-200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate?

Impaired glucose tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a blood glucose level greater than 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers