Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a major function of water in the body?
Which of the following is a major function of water in the body?
- Transporting nutrients
- Regulating body temperature
- Maintaining blood volume
- All of the above (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
- Sodium
- Chlorine (correct)
- Calcium
- Potassium
Which process involves the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Which process involves the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
- Active transport
- Diffusion (correct)
- Hydrostatic pressure
- Filtration
Which of the following is a sign of fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
What percentage of water does the adult female body typically contain?
What percentage of water does the adult female body typically contain?
Which of the following factors can cause dehydration to occur more quickly in the older adult?
Which of the following factors can cause dehydration to occur more quickly in the older adult?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium (Na+)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium (Na+)?
Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
Which electrolyte is necessary for blood coagulation?
Which electrolyte is necessary for blood coagulation?
Which electrolyte is a buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body?
Which electrolyte is a buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body?
Which organ is primarily responsible for fluid excretion in the body?
Which organ is primarily responsible for fluid excretion in the body?
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland to regulate urine output?
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland to regulate urine output?
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
Which process refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
Which process refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
Which of the following is a sign of dehydration?
Which of the following is a sign of dehydration?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What does the term 'tissue turgor' refer to?
What does the term 'tissue turgor' refer to?
Which process requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
Which process requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
What is the treatment for dehydration?
What is the treatment for dehydration?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What process is essential to the life of cells and the balance of water and electrolytes in the body?
What process is essential to the life of cells and the balance of water and electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
What is a potential cause of fluid volume excess?
What is a potential cause of fluid volume excess?
How can dehydration be prevented in an older adult experiencing nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
How can dehydration be prevented in an older adult experiencing nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
What can happen if a person takes in more water than they excrete?
What can happen if a person takes in more water than they excrete?
What is edema?
What is edema?
What determines whether a person has fluid volume deficit or excess?
What determines whether a person has fluid volume deficit or excess?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excess of magnesium in the blood?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excess of magnesium in the blood?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
What is the major role of sodium in the body?
What is the major role of sodium in the body?
Which electrolyte is important in controlling the contractility of the heart?
Which electrolyte is important in controlling the contractility of the heart?
What is the function of chloride in the body?
What is the function of chloride in the body?
What is the main function of bicarbonate in the body?
What is the main function of bicarbonate in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What percentage of water does the adult female body typically contain?
What percentage of water does the adult female body typically contain?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the treatment for dehydration?
What is the treatment for dehydration?
What does the term 'tissue turgor' refer to?
What does the term 'tissue turgor' refer to?
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What process refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
What process refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following is true about an isotonic solution?
Which of the following is true about an isotonic solution?
What is the term for a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What is the term for a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which process requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
Which process requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
What can cause fluid volume excess in a patient?
What can cause fluid volume excess in a patient?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
Which electrolyte is a buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body?
Which electrolyte is a buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following is a major function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is a major function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
Which process involves the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Which process involves the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
Which of the following electrolytes is important in controlling the contractility of the heart?
Which of the following electrolytes is important in controlling the contractility of the heart?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
Which of the following factors can cause dehydration to occur more quickly in the older adult?
Which of the following factors can cause dehydration to occur more quickly in the older adult?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excess of magnesium in the blood?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excess of magnesium in the blood?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary and stimulates the reabsorption of water in the renal tubules?
Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary and stimulates the reabsorption of water in the renal tubules?
Which of the following is NOT a major component of extracellular fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a major component of extracellular fluid?
Which process refers to the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached?
Which process refers to the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached?
Which of the following is a major function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is a major function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
What is the percentage of water in the adult male body?
What is the percentage of water in the adult male body?
What factors contribute to dehydration occurring more quickly in the older adult?
What factors contribute to dehydration occurring more quickly in the older adult?
What is the unit of measure for electrolytes in body fluid?
What is the unit of measure for electrolytes in body fluid?
Which of the following is the correct definition of an isotonic solution?
Which of the following is the correct definition of an isotonic solution?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a hypertonic solution?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a hypertonic solution?
What is the process that requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
What is the process that requires cellular energy to move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What are some signs of fluid volume excess?
What are some signs of fluid volume excess?
What can cause a person to suffer from fluid volume excess?
What can cause a person to suffer from fluid volume excess?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What can happen if a person takes in more water than they excrete?
What can happen if a person takes in more water than they excrete?
What is a potential cause of fluid volume excess?
What is a potential cause of fluid volume excess?
What can help prevent additional problems in an older adult suffering from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
What can help prevent additional problems in an older adult suffering from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a hypertonic solution?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a hypertonic solution?
Which hormone is responsible for reabsorption of water in the renal tubules?
Which hormone is responsible for reabsorption of water in the renal tubules?
Which organ is the main site of fluid excretion in the body?
Which organ is the main site of fluid excretion in the body?
What is the process by which substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached?
What is the process by which substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached?
Which fluid compartment contains fluid within the blood vessels?
Which fluid compartment contains fluid within the blood vessels?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium (Na+)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium (Na+)?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the main function of bicarbonate in the body?
What is the main function of bicarbonate in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the term for an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte in the body?
What can help prevent additional problems in an older adult suffering from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
What can help prevent additional problems in an older adult suffering from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea?
What determines whether a person has fluid volume deficit or excess?
What determines whether a person has fluid volume deficit or excess?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
Which of the following is a sign of fluid volume excess?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of water in the body?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What is the major role of sodium in the body?
What is the major role of sodium in the body?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
What happens to cells when they are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?
Which of the following is NOT one of the processes involved in the movement of water and electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the processes involved in the movement of water and electrolytes in the body?
What is the term for the movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane?
What is the term for the movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of electrolytes in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of electrolytes in the body?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the main cause of fluid deficit in patients unable to take in sufficient quantities of fluid?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the term for a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of particles as the living cells it surrounds?
What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to promote reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules?
Which of the following factors seem to interact with other things to determine how long a person lives?
Which of the following factors seem to interact with other things to determine how long a person lives?
According to the biologic clock theory, what happens when too many cells quit functioning?
According to the biologic clock theory, what happens when too many cells quit functioning?
Which of the following is NOT a myth about older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a myth about older adults?
What is individualized aging?
What is individualized aging?
Which age group is considered the 'very old' in the older adult population?
Which age group is considered the 'very old' in the older adult population?
What is the current retirement age for full coverage under the federal Social Security system?
What is the current retirement age for full coverage under the federal Social Security system?
What is the most rapidly growing group among older adults?
What is the most rapidly growing group among older adults?
What percentage of the population over age 75 has some hearing loss?
What percentage of the population over age 75 has some hearing loss?
Which theory of aging suggests that body cells and organs eventually wear out, similar to machinery?
Which theory of aging suggests that body cells and organs eventually wear out, similar to machinery?
What is a major contributor to longer life?
What is a major contributor to longer life?
Which theory of aging suggests that people who remain interested and active will continue to enjoy life and live longer?
Which theory of aging suggests that people who remain interested and active will continue to enjoy life and live longer?
What factor has been a contributing factor to longevity in the past, with women generally outliving men?
What factor has been a contributing factor to longevity in the past, with women generally outliving men?
Which of the following is a risk factor and possibly an early sign of dementia?
Which of the following is a risk factor and possibly an early sign of dementia?
What percentage of older adults have dementia?
What percentage of older adults have dementia?
What is the most common type of dementia?
What is the most common type of dementia?
What is a positive behavior for healthy aging?
What is a positive behavior for healthy aging?
Which of the following is NOT a common health concern in older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a common health concern in older adults?
What is the leading cause of death in older adults?
What is the leading cause of death in older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of depression in older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of depression in older adults?
What is a potential cause of impaired cognition in older adults?
What is a potential cause of impaired cognition in older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for performing patient education for older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for performing patient education for older adults?
What is short-term memory loss in older adults?
What is short-term memory loss in older adults?
What is a potential cause of short-term memory loss in older adults?
What is a potential cause of short-term memory loss in older adults?
What is the purpose of elder hostel programs for older adults?
What is the purpose of elder hostel programs for older adults?
What is the importance of good lighting in patient education for older adults?
What is the importance of good lighting in patient education for older adults?
What is the term for the inability to recall much of yesterday but with intact long-term memory?
What is the term for the inability to recall much of yesterday but with intact long-term memory?
Flashcards
Water composition
Water composition
Water makes up about 55% of adult males and 50% of adult females.
Role of water
Role of water
Water regulates temperature, lubricates joints, and aids digestion.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes
Electrolytes like sodium and potassium regulate bodily functions.
Sodium (Na+)
Sodium (Na+)
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Potassium (K+)
Potassium (K+)
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Chloride (Cl-)
Chloride (Cl-)
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Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
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Calcium (Ca2+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
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Fluid balance
Fluid balance
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Dehydration
Dehydration
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Fluid volume deficit
Fluid volume deficit
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Fluid volume excess
Fluid volume excess
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Vasopressin
Vasopressin
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Isotonic solution
Isotonic solution
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Hypertonic solution
Hypertonic solution
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Hypotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
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Treatment of dehydration
Treatment of dehydration
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Preventing fluid volume deficit
Preventing fluid volume deficit
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Preventing fluid volume excess
Preventing fluid volume excess
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Water's function in digestion
Water's function in digestion
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Water's role in temperature regulation
Water's role in temperature regulation
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Joint lubrication by water
Joint lubrication by water
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Electrolyte imbalance effects
Electrolyte imbalance effects
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Importance of hydration
Importance of hydration
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Fluid shifts
Fluid shifts
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Renal tubules function
Renal tubules function
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Fluid compartments
Fluid compartments
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Nutrient absorption role of water
Nutrient absorption role of water
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Hormonal regulation of fluids
Hormonal regulation of fluids
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Extracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid
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Intracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid
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Study Notes
Fluid and Electrolytes
- Water makes up approximately 55% of the adult male body and 50% of the adult female body.
- Water plays a crucial role in the body, including regulating body temperature, lubricating joints, and aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
- Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, help regulate various bodily functions, including heart function, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
Electrolytes
- Sodium (Na+) is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate blood pressure and support nerve and muscle function.
- Potassium (K+) is an electrolyte that helps regulate heart function and maintain healthy blood pressure.
- Chloride (Cl-) is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance and supports the digestive system.
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is an electrolyte that helps regulate pH levels and neutralize excess acids in the body.
- Calcium (Ca2+) is an electrolyte that helps regulate muscle contractions and maintain healthy bone density.
Fluid Balance
- Fluid balance is essential for maintaining proper bodily functions, including regulating body temperature, lubricating joints, and aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
- Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, causing an imbalance in the body's fluid levels.
- Fluid volume deficit occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to a decrease in blood volume and pressure.
- Fluid volume excess occurs when the body takes in more fluids than it loses, leading to an increase in blood volume and pressure.
Hormones
- The posterior pituitary gland releases the hormone vasopressin, which stimulates the reabsorption of water in the renal tubules.
- The adrenal cortex releases the hormone aldosterone, which promotes the reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of particles as the living cells they surround.
- Hypertonic solutions have a greater concentration of solute than the cells they surround, causing cells to shrink.
- Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solute than the cells they surround, causing cells to swell.
Treatment and Prevention
- Dehydration can be treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes.
- Fluid volume deficit can be prevented by drinking plenty of fluids, especially in older adults.
- Fluid volume excess can be prevented by limiting fluid intake, especially in patients with heart failure or kidney disease.
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