Blood Transfusion Therapy for Dogs
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of transfusion therapy?

  • To provide nutritional support through intravenous feeding
  • To administer vaccinations to animals
  • To transfer blood or its components from a donor to a recipient (correct)
  • To replace lost fluids in the body

    • Which of the following is NOT a part of the donor selection process in animal blood banks?

  • Vaccination requirements
  • Regular blood tests
  • Heart rate assessment (correct)
  • Parasite treatment

    • What kind of tests are performed for infectious agent screening in donor animals?

  • PCR and serology tests for various pathogens (correct)
  • Complete blood count only
  • X-rays and ultrasound imaging
  • Only biochemical analysis

    • What is a key advantage of blood banking for animals?

    <p>It allows selective transfusion of specific blood components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is specifically screened for in the blood donation process?

    <p>Ehrlichia spp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) over whole blood?

    <p>They allow for longer storage time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk minimized by avoiding the use of whole blood when transfusing patients?

    <p>Volume overload in patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is platelet concentrate (PC) recommended?

    <p>Only for patients with active bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patients are likely to benefit from fresh frozen plasma (FFP)?

    <p>Patients with primary haemostatic disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fresh frozen plasma (FFP) prepared?

    <p>From PRBC and frozen within 8 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is plasma removed in the preparation of PRBCs?

    <p>To reduce the volume of transfused fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coagulation factors are primarily preserved in fresh frozen plasma?

    <p>Factors V and VIII along with von Willebrand factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for separating blood into components such as plasma, platelets, and PRBCs?

    <p>To maximize the utility for different patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the anticoagulant used during blood donation?

    <p>To prevent blood from clumping during donation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard volume of blood that can be safely donated from a healthy donor?

    <p>450 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should frozen whole blood (FWB) be used in patients?

    <p>For anemic patients with concurrent hemostatic defects or uncontrolled bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended transfusion rate for blood products after the initial 15-30 minutes?

    <p>5-10 ml/kg/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often can a donor donate blood if they maintain good nutrition?

    <p>Every 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is necessary to check compatibility before a blood transfusion?

    <p>Crossmatching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes packed red blood cells (PRBC)?

    <p>They are separated from plasma to reduce volume overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using PRBC over whole blood?

    <p>It reduces the risk of immune-mediated reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type in dogs is considered most important due to the severe reactions it can cause if incompatible blood is given?

    <p>DEA 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation should be made for a donor after blood donation?

    <p>Weakness and pale mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions warrants the use of PRBC?

    <p>Severe blood loss expected during surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding cats and blood donation?

    <p>A blood volume of 50 ml can be donated from a 4-5 kg cat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the storage conditions be for blood products after collection?

    <p>In a refrigerator for 24 hours or discarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sodium citrate in blood collection?

    <p>To inhibit the blood coagulation cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of blood donation in a closed system?

    <p>No exposure of contents to air prior to use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood types can cats belong to within the feline AB blood group system?

    <p>A, B, and AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of stored frozen plasma (SFP)?

    <p>To provide vitamin K-dependent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition is cryoprecipitate indicated for use?

    <p>Haemophilia A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk minimization feature of using cryoprecipitate?

    <p>Reducing risk of transfusion reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cryosupernatant contain compared to cryoprecipitate?

    <p>No cryoprecipitate components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stored frozen plasma can be safely stored for how many years?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would likely benefit from colloidal support using SFP?

    <p>Severe hypoalbuminemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific clotting factors does cryoprecipitate provide?

    <p>FVIII, FXIII, fibrinogen and fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT indicated for the use of cryosupernatant?

    <p>Haemophilia A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Transfusion Therapy

    • Blood transfusion therapy involves transferring blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient.
    • Not only whole blood is used, but specific components can be selected based on the patient's condition.
    • Nowadays, blood banks for animals are readily available, providing convenience and the ability to address specific clinical needs with specific blood components.

    Donor Selection

    • Dogs:

      • Weight over 25kg
      • Age between 1-8 years old
      • Female, spayed
      • Healthy, not medicated beyond deworming
      • No history of severe illness or unusual findings
      • No predisposition to bacteremia (periodontal disease, skin lesions, or abscesses)
      • Normal temperament and good body condition
      • Hematocrit >40%
      • Up-to-date vaccinations
      • Type for DEA positive/negative
      • Complete blood count, complete biochemical panel, and platelet count (annually)
      • Free of infectious diseases (with tests varying by location)
      • Not had a blood transfusion before

    • Cats:

      • Weight over 4kg
      • Age between 1-8 years old
      • Female, spayed
      • Healthy, not medicated beyond deworming
      • No history of severe illness or unusual findings
      • No predisposition to bacteremia (periodontal disease, skin lesions, or abscesses)
      • Normal temperament and good body condition
      • Hematocrit >35%
      • Always indoors and fed a commercial diet
      • Up-to-date vaccinations
      • Complete blood count, complete biochemical panel, and platelet count (annually)
      • Free of infectious diseases (with tests varying by location)
      • Not had a blood transfusion before

    • Blood banks may have varying requirements.

    • Donors are enrolled by the owners.

    • Blood banks perform tests like complete blood counts, biochemical tests, and infectious agent screening for animals.

    Types of Blood Transfusions

    • Whole blood
    • Blood Components (e.g., packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, cryosupernatant)

    Blood Compatibility

    • Involves blood type and the presence of circulating antibodies.
    • Dogs: DEA 1 is the most important antigen to consider for blood transfusions
    • Cats: Blood type A, B, or AB
    • Cross-matching is crucial to ensure compatibility

    Preparations for Transfusion

    • Blood collection systems: open vs closed systems (risk of contamination)
    • Anticoagulant: sodium citrate to prevent blood clotting
    • Donor preparation: fasting, donor's health status, procedures like lateral recumbency during collection
    • Transfusion rate and volume are controlled depending on the individual case
    • Storage of blood components differs depending on the type

    Blood Products (Specifics)

    • Whole blood (WB): collected directly into a bag with an anticoagulant (e.g., CPDA-1 or CPD)

      • Contains all blood components: RBCs, platelets, clotting factors, plasma proteins

    • Packed red blood cells (PRBC): separated from whole blood by centrifugation.

      • Used for replacing RBCs for oxygen transport, anemia correction, large surgeries, and hemorrhagic shock in patients who do not require plasma proteins (avoiding volume overload)

    • Platelet concentrate (PC): used for patients with primary haemostatic disorders, severe thrombocytopenia, or those undergoing invasive procedures (but not without active bleeding).

    • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP): prepared from PRBCs within 8 hours of collection. Provides coagulation factors, volume support, severe hemorrhage, congenital or acquired coagulopathies

    • Stored frozen plasma (SFP): from FFP thawed and refrozen, or plasma that wasn't quickly frozen. It's used for vitamin K deficiency or colloidal support.

    • Cryoprecipitate (Cryo): from FFP, concentrated clotting factors like von Willebrand factor, FVIII, and fibrinogen, used for disorders affecting these factors.

    • Cryosupernatant: Remaining liquid after Cryo is created. Used for conditions like severe hypoalbuminemia.

    Advantages of PRBC over whole blood

    • Avoids volume overload in patients that don't need plasma proteins
    • Reduces the risk of immune reactions
    • Avoid wasting blood components (increased resource utilization)
    • Longer storage time (up to 6 weeks, vs 4 in whole blood)

    Clinical Cases

    • The study would cover practical cases requiring blood transfusions

    Additional Information

    • Further information on blood banking procedures from specific sources (e.g., websites like https://bsanimal.pt/)
    • Information on calculations (calculator provided on the slide deck)

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    Blood Transfusion Therapy (2023/2024) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the essentials of blood transfusion therapy specifically for dogs. Understand the donor selection criteria, including necessary health checks and blood type considerations. Perfect for veterinary students and professionals looking to deepen their knowledge about canine blood transfusion practices.

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