Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System
72 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the importance of the Circle of Willis?

  • It provides collateral circulation during reduction or blockage of blood flow. (correct)
  • It regulates blood pressure in the brain.
  • It is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
  • It is the main site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the brain.

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of the Circle of Willis?

  • Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) (correct)
  • Posterior Communicating Artery (PCA)
  • Anterior Communicating Artery (ACA)
  • Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

    • What is the normal value for cerebral blood flow?

  • 1000 - 1200 ml/min/100g
  • 120 - 150 ml/min/100g
  • 350 - 400 ml/min/100g
  • 700 - 750 ml/min/100g (correct)

    • What happens to the arteries in the brain when blood pressure is inadequate?

    <p>The arteries dilate to increase blood flow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does consciousness begin to be lost after cessation of blood supply to the brain?

    <p>Within 10 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does brain damage begin to occur after cessation of blood supply to the brain?

    <p>Within 5 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are watershed areas in the brain?

    <p>Areas of the brain that are highly susceptible to damage from stroke. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the venous sinus that collects blood from the superior sagittal sinus?

    <p>Confluence of sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a dural venous sinus?

    <p>Internal jugular vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the venous sinus that drains into the internal jugular vein?

    <p>Sigmoid sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the Orbitofrontal artery primarily supply?

    <p>Area associated with the orbit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Central (Rolandic) artery located?

    <p>In the central sulcus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the anterior part of the parietal lobe?

    <p>Anterior parietal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Angular artery supply?

    <p>Angular gyrus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is supplied by the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)?

    <p>Lateral medulla and vermal region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the lateral part of the temporal lobe?

    <p>Anterior, Middle &amp; Posterior Temporal Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lateral part of the frontal lobe?

    <p>Precentral (prerolandic) artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome is characterized by ipsilateral ataxia and dysphagia?

    <p>Wallenberg's Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the ventral-inferior cerebellum?

    <p>Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome?

    <p>Ptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct function of the posterior spinal artery?

    <p>Provides blood to the inferior cerebellar peduncle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the rostral pons and caudal midbrain?

    <p>Superior cerebellar artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Temporal lobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with contralateral pain and temperature loss in PICA syndrome?

    <p>Contralateral ataxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying the midbrain?

    <p>Posterior cerebral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord?

    <p>Anterior spinal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the posterior spinal arteries supply?

    <p>Posterior one-third of the spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the internal carotid artery primarily supply?

    <p>Anterior, superior, and lateral cerebral hemispheres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the medial aspect of the hemisphere?

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery has the highest incidence of ischemic stroke?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the anterior communicating artery connect?

    <p>Left and right anterior cerebral arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the recurrent artery of Heubner supply?

    <p>Basal ganglia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

    <p>Hippocampal formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the common carotid artery?

    <p>Give rise to the internal carotid artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein structure drains blood from the brainstem and cerebellum?

    <p>Vertebral vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the central artery of the retina supply?

    <p>Retina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lenticulostriate arteries?

    <p>Supply deep structures of the cerebrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies the lateral parts of the hemispheres?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is supplied by the posterior communicating artery?

    <p>Thalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the internal carotid arteries originate?

    <p>From the common carotid artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe?

    <p>Anterior, Middle &amp; Posterior Temporal Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is located in the central sulcus?

    <p>Central (Rolandic) artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies the lateral, middle portion of the frontal lobe?

    <p>Precentral (prerolandic) artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region does the PICA (Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery) serve?

    <p>Lateral medulla, vermal region &amp; Post.Inf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the anterior region of the parietal lobe?

    <p>Anterior parietal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is associated with the region of the orbit?

    <p>Orbitofrontal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is located in the posterior lateral aspect of the parietal lobe?

    <p>Posterior parietal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior spinal artery?

    <p>Supply the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the posterior spinal artery run in relation to the midline?

    <p>Medial to the dorsal roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is known for having the highest incidence of ischemic stroke?

    <p>Middle cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve does the internal carotid artery pass ventral to as it enters the cranial cavity?

    <p>CN II (Optic) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the recurrent artery of Heubner supply?

    <p>Caudate nucleus, internal capsule, putamen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the Anterior cerebral artery primarily supply?

    <p>The superior and medial parts of the cerebral hemispheres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lateral ventricle and choroid plexus?

    <p>Anterior choroidal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are branches of the anterior cerebral artery? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Frontopolar artery (A), Pericallosal artery (B), Orbital branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does the Middle cerebral artery NOT supply?

    <p>Thalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is supplied by the posterior spinal arteries? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Dorsal roots (A), Posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the internal carotid artery?

    <p>Posterior cerebral artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the ventral-inferior cerebellum?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries contributes to the formation of the Circle of Willis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Anterior cerebral artery (A), Internal carotid artery (B), Vertebral artery (C), Posterior cerebral artery (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Circle of Willis?

    <p>It ensures collateral circulation during reduction or blockage of blood flow to the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the brain after approximately 5 minutes of cessation of blood supply?

    <p>Brain damage begins to occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the area where the distal branches of cerebral arteries anastomose?

    <p>Watershed areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the arteries in the brain when CO2/Lactic acid levels are excessive?

    <p>They constrict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Wallenberg's Syndrome?

    <p>Contralateral hemiparesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is responsible for supplying the ventral-inferior cerebellum and lateral parts of the pons?

    <p>Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT supplied by the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)?

    <p>Lateral parts of the Temporal Lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the Basilar Artery?

    <p>Posterior Communicating Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of the Anterior Spinal Artery?

    <p>It supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms suggest a blockage of the Posterior Spinal Artery?

    <p>Contralateral hemiparesis and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Pontine Arteries?

    <p>Supply the pons, excluding the lateral parts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is supplied by the Internal Auditory Artery (Labyrinthine Artery)?

    <p>Cochlea and Labyrinth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Orbitofrontal artery

    Supplies the orbit and frontal lobe areas related to the eye.

    Central (Rolandic) artery

    Located in the central sulcus, supplies motor areas of the cortex.

    Precentral (prerolandic) artery

    Supplies the lateral part of the frontal lobe responsible for movement.

    Anterior parietal artery

    Supplies the anterior part of the parietal lobe associated with sensory functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior parietal artery

    Supplies the posterior part of the parietal lobe involved in spatial awareness.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Angular artery

    Supplies the angular gyrus, involved in language and number processing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anterior Temporal Arteries

    Supply the anterior part of the temporal lobe relating to auditory processing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

    Supplies the lateral medulla and vermal area of the cerebellum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    PICA (Wallenberg's) Syndrome

    A syndrome caused by infarction in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery area, leading to specific neurological deficits.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ipsilateral Ataxia

    Loss of coordination on the same side of the body as the lesion, commonly seen in cerebellar disorders.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dysphonia

    Difficulty in producing speech sounds, often associated with neurological disorders affecting cranial nerves.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dysarthria

    Impaired ability to articulate words, often due to muscle weakness or coordination issues.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Horner's Syndrome

    A condition that results from disruptions in sympathetic nerve pathways, causing ptosis and miosis on the affected side.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pain & Temperature Loss

    Loss of sensation for pain and temperature on one side of the face and the opposite side of the body due to neurological lesions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Basilar branches

    Branches from the basilar artery supplying various regions of the brain, including the cerebellum and pons.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

    An artery supplying the occipital lobe and inferior surface of the temporal lobe, important for visual processing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anterior spinal artery

    Supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior spinal arteries

    Supply the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internal carotid arteries (ICA)

    Supply the anterior, superior and lateral cerebral hemispheres.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Vertebral arteries

    Supply the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior-inferior cerebral areas.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Common carotid artery (CCA)

    Branches into the internal and external carotid arteries.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ophthalmic artery

    First branch from the ICA, supplies the eye and surrounding areas.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

    Supplies the medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

    Supplies the lateral parts of the cerebral hemispheres.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anterior communicating artery

    Connects left and right anterior cerebral arteries.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior communicating artery

    Connects the posterior cerebral artery to the internal carotid artery.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Recurrent artery of Heubner

    Supplies the medial part of the basal ganglia.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anterior choroidal artery

    Supplies the choroid plexus and parts of the internal capsule.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lenticulostriate arteries

    Branches of the MCA that supply deep structures in the brain.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Central artery of the retina

    Supplies blood to the retina.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cingulate gyrus

    Part of the limbic system, involved in emotion formation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Circle of Willis

    A circular network of arteries at the base of the brain that provides collateral circulation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ischemic penumbra

    The area around a stroke that is at risk but not yet dead, with decreased blood flow.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cerebral blood flow normal value

    Ideal blood flow to the brain, typically between 700 and 750 mL/min.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Loss of neurons threshold

    Irreversible neuron death occurs after approximately 120 mL/min blood flow.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Consciousness loss time

    Loss of consciousness occurs within 10 seconds after blood supply stops.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Brain damage time frame

    Signs of brain damage start occurring after around 5 minutes of blood loss.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Watershed areas

    Regions in the brain vulnerable to ischemia, located at artery junctions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dural venous sinuses

    Channels that drain cerebral blood and route it towards the heart.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Venous drainage system

    System of veins that drain blood from the brain to the heart through jugular veins.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cerebral arteries dilation factors

    Arteries expand due to low O2, high CO2/lactic acid, and low BP levels.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior Spinal Artery

    Supplies nuclei related to sensory pathways in the spinal cord.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    PICA Syndrome

    Neurological deficits due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Vertigo

    A feeling of dizziness or spinning, often related to inner ear issues.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior Cerebral Artery

    Supplies the occipital lobe and other areas crucial for vision.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lobulo frontal

    Part of the frontal lobe associated with the orbit.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Precentral artery function

    Supplies the lateral part of the frontal lobe for movement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Middle Temporal Arteries

    Supply the middle part of the temporal lobe related to auditory processing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Posterior cerebellar supply

    Branches contributing to cerebellar function for balance and coordination.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    PICA role

    Supplies lateral medulla and vermal region of the cerebellum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System

    • The CNS (central nervous system) is supplied by a network of arteries, including the anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, internal carotid arteries, and vertebral arteries.
    • Anterior spinal artery: Supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord.
    • Posterior spinal arteries: Two arteries located on either side and medial to dorsal roots. Supply the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord.
    • Internal carotid arteries (ICA): Supply blood to the anterior, superior, and lateral aspects of the cerebral hemispheres. They enter the cranial cavity ventral to the optic nerve (CN II).
    • Vertebral arteries: Supply the brainstem, cerebellum, and the posterior inferior parts of the cerebrum.
    • Common carotid artery (CCA): The main artery supplying the head and neck, branching into the ICA.
    • ICA branches: Include the ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery and the central artery of the retina supplying the retina. Additional branches supply parts of the dura mater (the cranial dura).
    • Central artery of the retina: Supplies blood to the retina.
    • Cranial dura: Covering of the brain.
    • Middle cerebral artery branches: Specific branches supplying various areas, including the pre- and post central gyri, the anterior hypothalamus, areas prone to aneurysms, the parts of the hemisphere, and parts of the temporal and frontal lobes.
    • Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) branches: Supply specific regions of the brain including the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and other areas.
    • Basilar artery branches: Supply the brainstem, cerebellum, and the pons, specifically areas like the ventral-inferior cerebellum, and parts of the pons and other parts of the brain.
    • Cerebral blood flow: Normal values typically range from 700-750.
    • Ischemic penumbra: 350
    • Loss of neurons: 120
    • Arteries dilation: Characterized by increased blood pressure (BP), low oxygen (O2), low pH, and high carbon dioxide (CO2) and lactic acid; these are often associated with inadequate blood supply.
    • Arteries constriction: High BP, high oxygen (O2), high pH, and high carbon dioxide (CO2) /lactic acid; these are often associated with excessive blood supply.
    • Brain damage: Can occur after five minutes of no blood supply. Damages are possible with low blood flow or complete blockage.
    • Watershed areas: Vulnerable regions to ischemia (lack of blood supply) due to anastomoses' location. These regions include, but are not limited to the area where the branches of the brain's arteries meet.
    • Venous drainage: The blood flows from dural venous sinuses into the internal jugular veins, which then flow into the brachiocephalic veins and ultimately into the superior vena cava. Also includes the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, straight sinus, internal jugular veins, subclavian veins, brachiocephalic veins, and superior vena cava in the drainage pathway.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Blood Supply of Central Nervous System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the arterial supply to the central nervous system, detailing key arteries including the anterior spinal artery and internal carotid arteries. Understand the roles of each artery in supplying various regions of the CNS. Perfect for students studying neuroanatomy and vascular structure.

    More Like This

    Blood Supply and Arterial Occlusions in the CNS
    30 questions

    Blood Supply and Arterial Occlusions in the CNS

    LuckyPelican avatar
    LuckyPelican
    Central Nervous System Quiz
    10 questions

    Central Nervous System Quiz

    WellManagedChrysoprase avatar
    WellManagedChrysoprase
    Central Nervous System Overview Quiz
    77 questions

    Central Nervous System Overview Quiz

    SlickBinary8749 avatar
    SlickBinary8749
    Central Nervous System Flashcards
    20 questions

    Central Nervous System Flashcards

    AmicableNeodymium avatar
    AmicableNeodymium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser