Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a feature of Alzheimer's Disease?
Which of the following is a feature of Alzheimer's Disease?
- Memory loss (correct)
- Joint pain
- Muscle weakness
- Headache
What is the cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
What is the cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
- Glutamate excitotoxicity (correct)
- Decreased reuptake by astrocytes
- Antibodies attacking myelin in the PNS
- Autoimmune attack on myelin in the CNS
What is the main population affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the main population affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
- Women aged 20-40 (correct)
- Men aged 40-60
- Elderly individuals over the age of 70
- Children under the age of 10
What is the hallmark symptom of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?
What is the hallmark symptom of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?
Which type of obstructive hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by a blockage in the ventricular system?
Which type of obstructive hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by a blockage in the ventricular system?
Which age group is most likely to experience normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Which age group is most likely to experience normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Which symptom is commonly observed in infants with hydrocephalus?
Which symptom is commonly observed in infants with hydrocephalus?
Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose acute intracerebral hemorrhage causing mass effect due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose acute intracerebral hemorrhage causing mass effect due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for impaired comprehension in Wernicke's Aphasia?
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for impaired comprehension in Wernicke's Aphasia?
What is the main symptom of Gerstmann Syndrome?
What is the main symptom of Gerstmann Syndrome?
Which area of the brain is damaged in Apraxia?
Which area of the brain is damaged in Apraxia?
What is the main symptom of Homonymous hemianopia?
What is the main symptom of Homonymous hemianopia?
Which of the following is a symptom of UMN syndrome?
Which of the following is a symptom of UMN syndrome?
Which tract is responsible for voluntary movement and muscle tone and has efferents from the reticular formation in the pons and medulla?
Which tract is responsible for voluntary movement and muscle tone and has efferents from the reticular formation in the pons and medulla?
Which of the following is a characteristic of LMN syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of LMN syndrome?
Which tract is responsible for postural change in response to visual stimulus and has efferents from the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
Which tract is responsible for postural change in response to visual stimulus and has efferents from the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
Which of the following is a symptom of Arnold-Chiari malformation type II?
Which of the following is a symptom of Arnold-Chiari malformation type II?
What is the characteristic trait of myasthenia gravis?
What is the characteristic trait of myasthenia gravis?
Which statement is true about cystic fibrosis?
Which statement is true about cystic fibrosis?
What is the key feature of an epidural hematoma?
What is the key feature of an epidural hematoma?
Which imaging technique is suitable for time-sensitive cases such as skull fractures and trauma?
Which imaging technique is suitable for time-sensitive cases such as skull fractures and trauma?
Which artery supplies the retina and its rupture can result in ipsilateral loss of vision?
Which artery supplies the retina and its rupture can result in ipsilateral loss of vision?
Which artery supplies the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum?
Which artery supplies the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum?
Which artery supplies the lateral aspects of the cortex, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes?
Which artery supplies the lateral aspects of the cortex, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes?
Which tract is responsible for unconscious proprioception of the body and legs, and terminates in the vermal region of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?
Which tract is responsible for unconscious proprioception of the body and legs, and terminates in the vermal region of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?
What is the effect of damage to the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway?
What is the effect of damage to the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway?
What is the clinical feature of a lesion in the spinothalamic tract?
What is the clinical feature of a lesion in the spinothalamic tract?
What is the cause of central cord syndrome?
What is the cause of central cord syndrome?
What is the effect of a large lesion in the anterior cord?
What is the effect of a large lesion in the anterior cord?
What are the symptoms of spinal cord injury?
What are the symptoms of spinal cord injury?
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Study Notes
Summary of Blood Supply and Arterial Occlusions in the CNS
- MRI is used for detailed imaging of the brain, while CT scans are quicker and cheaper and are used for time-sensitive cases such as skull fractures and trauma.
- MRI is not suitable for patients with pacemakers.
- The carotid siphon is an area where aneurysms often form in the anterior and posterior communicating arteries due to its S-shape.
- The middle meningeal artery is the primary blood supply to the dura, and its rupture can cause an epidural hematoma.
- The ophthalmic artery supplies the retina, and its rupture can result in ipsilateral loss of vision.
- The anterior communicating artery supplies the optic areas, and its occlusion can lead to visual deficits.
- The anterior choroidal artery, medial striate artery, and lenticulostriate artery are branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the internal capsule.
- The anterior cerebral artery travels rostrally through the interhemispheric fissure and supplies various structures, including the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum.
- Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery can cause the ACA syndrome, resulting in contralateral paralysis and sensory loss of the lower extremities.
- The middle cerebral artery travels along the lateral sulcus and supplies the lateral aspects of the cortex, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes.
- Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery can cause the MCA syndrome, resulting in contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss in the upper extremities, facial weakness, hemianopia, and aphasia.
- The posterior cerebral artery arises from the terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery and supplies the occipital lobe and posteromedial temporal lobe.
- Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery can cause the PCA syndrome, resulting in contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, contralateral hemisensory loss, and occipital and thalamic damage.
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