Blood Supply and Arterial Occlusions in the CNS

30 Questions

Which of the following is a feature of Alzheimer's Disease?

Memory loss

What is the cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

Glutamate excitotoxicity

What is the main population affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Women aged 20-40

What is the hallmark symptom of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Muscle weakness

Which type of obstructive hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by a blockage in the ventricular system?

Acquired

Which age group is most likely to experience normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

Old adults

Which symptom is commonly observed in infants with hydrocephalus?

Sun-setting eyes

Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose acute intracerebral hemorrhage causing mass effect due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

CT scan

Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for impaired comprehension in Wernicke's Aphasia?

BA 22

What is the main symptom of Gerstmann Syndrome?

Agraphia, alexia, finger agnosia, R-L discrimination issues

Which area of the brain is damaged in Apraxia?

BA 5, 7 (SPL)

What is the main symptom of Homonymous hemianopia?

Eyes deviate towards side of lesion

Which of the following is a symptom of UMN syndrome?

Flaccid contralateral paralysis

Which tract is responsible for voluntary movement and muscle tone and has efferents from the reticular formation in the pons and medulla?

Reticulospinal tract

Which of the following is a characteristic of LMN syndrome?

Severe atrophy

Which tract is responsible for postural change in response to visual stimulus and has efferents from the superior colliculus in the midbrain?

Tectospinal tract

Which of the following is a symptom of Arnold-Chiari malformation type II?

Truncal ataxia

What is the characteristic trait of myasthenia gravis?

Severe muscle weakness

Which statement is true about cystic fibrosis?

It affects the normal secretion in the lungs and pancreas.

What is the key feature of an epidural hematoma?

Biconvex shape

Which imaging technique is suitable for time-sensitive cases such as skull fractures and trauma?

CT scan

Which artery supplies the retina and its rupture can result in ipsilateral loss of vision?

Ophthalmic artery

Which artery supplies the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum?

Anterior cerebral artery

Which artery supplies the lateral aspects of the cortex, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes?

Middle cerebral artery

Which tract is responsible for unconscious proprioception of the body and legs, and terminates in the vermal region of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

What is the effect of damage to the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway?

Ipsilateral loss of touch/vibration/conscious proprioception at and below the level of the lesion

What is the clinical feature of a lesion in the spinothalamic tract?

Loss of pain and temperature contralateral to the lesion starting at about 1-2 levels below the lesion

What is the cause of central cord syndrome?

Block of anterior spinal artery

What is the effect of a large lesion in the anterior cord?

Bilateral loss of spinothalamic, corticospinal, and dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathways without sacral sparing

What are the symptoms of spinal cord injury?

Spasticity, pain, exaggerated reflexes, loss/altered sensation, loss of bowel/bladder/sexual control, respiratory issues, and weakness

Study Notes

Summary of Blood Supply and Arterial Occlusions in the CNS

MRI is used for detailed imaging of the brain, while CT scans are quicker and cheaper and are used for time-sensitive cases such as skull fractures and trauma.
MRI is not suitable for patients with pacemakers.
The carotid siphon is an area where aneurysms often form in the anterior and posterior communicating arteries due to its S-shape.
The middle meningeal artery is the primary blood supply to the dura, and its rupture can cause an epidural hematoma.
The ophthalmic artery supplies the retina, and its rupture can result in ipsilateral loss of vision.
The anterior communicating artery supplies the optic areas, and its occlusion can lead to visual deficits.
The anterior choroidal artery, medial striate artery, and lenticulostriate artery are branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the internal capsule.
The anterior cerebral artery travels rostrally through the interhemispheric fissure and supplies various structures, including the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum.
Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery can cause the ACA syndrome, resulting in contralateral paralysis and sensory loss of the lower extremities.
The middle cerebral artery travels along the lateral sulcus and supplies the lateral aspects of the cortex, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes.
Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery can cause the MCA syndrome, resulting in contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss in the upper extremities, facial weakness, hemianopia, and aphasia.
The posterior cerebral artery arises from the terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery and supplies the occipital lobe and posteromedial temporal lobe.
Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery can cause the PCA syndrome, resulting in contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing, contralateral hemisensory loss, and occipital and thalamic damage.

Test your knowledge on blood supply and arterial occlusions in the central nervous system. Learn about the key arteries, their functions, and the potential consequences of their occlusion.

Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards

Convert your notes into interactive study material.