Central Nervous System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Match the following prefixes or suffixes with their meanings:

Hemi- = Half Caud- = Tail Dors- = Back Cerebr- = Brain -itis = Inflammation or disease

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality?

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Diencephalon

Cerebrum (correct)

The brain stem connects the brain and the:

Cerebellum

Eyes

Spinal cord (correct)

Ventricles

The cerebellum functions in:

The planning and coordination of movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum?

Neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

The majority of the cerebral cortex is:

Neocortex Signup and view all the answers

The hypothalamus functions in:

Regulating the autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the:

Limbic system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood-brain barrier?

The meninges Signup and view all the answers

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by _ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulation into __.

choroid plexuses, dural sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tracts does NOT carry sensory stimuli?

Corticospinal tracts Signup and view all the answers

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the:

White columns Signup and view all the answers

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?

Corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Corticonuclear tracts __________

Communicate with cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the circadian rhythm?

In a 24-hour period of time, we spend a period of time awake and a period of time asleep Signup and view all the answers

The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during:

Stage IV Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for cognition?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?

Prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which of these does not directly describe the autonomic nervous system?

Composed of sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential characteristic of the blood-brain barrier?

Tight junctions between endothelial capillary cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Terminology

"Hemi-" refers to "half," commonly used in anatomical terms such as hemispheres.
"Caud-" means "tail," often used in the context of certain brain structures.
"Dors-" indicates "back," utilized in terms related to spinal and brain orientation.
"Cerebr-" denotes "brain," forming the root for various cerebral regions.
"-itis" signifies "inflammation" or "disease," applicable to numerous medical conditions.

Brain Functionality

The cerebrum is primarily responsible for learning, memory, and personality traits.
The brain stem serves as a vital connection between the brain and the spinal cord, crucial for basic life functions.

Cerebellum Roles

The cerebellum plays a significant role in planning and coordinating movement, ensuring fluid motion and posture.

Development of the Cerebellum

The correct developmental pathway of the cerebellum is through the neural tube to the hindbrain and subsequently to the metencephalon.

Cerebral Cortex

The majority of the cerebral cortex is composed of the neocortex, responsible for higher-order brain functions.

Hypothalamus Functions

The hypothalamus regulates the autonomic nervous system, playing a central role in homeostasis and hormone secretion.

Components of the Limbic System

The hippocampus and amygdala are integral parts of the limbic system, involved in emotions and memory processing.

Blood-Brain Barrier

Components of the blood-brain barrier include tight junctions in brain capillaries, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, but meninges are not part of this barrier.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Formation

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is created by choroid plexuses and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulation into dural sinuses.

Sensory and Motor Tracts

Corticospinal tracts are responsible for motor control and do not carry sensory stimuli.
In the spinal cord, motor information from the brain travels through the corticospinal tract.

Corticonuclear Tracts

Corticonuclear tracts communicate with cranial nerve nuclei located in the brainstem, essential for controlling facial and head movements.

Circadian Rhythm

Circadian rhythms dictate that within a 24-hour cycle, there are periods of being awake and asleep, reflecting the body's natural cycle.

Stages of Sleep

The deepest stage of sleep occurs during Stage IV, essential for restorative processes.

Cognitive Functions

The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning and decision-making.

Prefrontal Cortex

The prefrontal cortex is critical for personality, self-awareness, and recognizing appropriate social behavior.

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system, which controls vital functions such as heart rate and digestion, is composed primarily of motor neurons rather than sensory neurons.

Blood-Brain Barrier Characteristics

A key characteristic of the blood-brain barrier is the presence of tight junctions between the endothelial capillary cells, restricting permeability for certain substances.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the central nervous system with these flashcards. Cover key terms and important brain regions related to learning and memory. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of neuroscience concepts.