Questions and Answers
What are the four parts of the brain?
What is the largest part of the brain?
cerebrum
What are the divisions of the cerebrum?
What are ridges of tissues in cerebral hemispheres called?
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What is the function of a gyrus?
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What is a deep gyrus called?
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What is a shallow gyrus called?
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What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
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What is the function of the frontal lobe?
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What is the function of the temporal lobe?
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
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What are the three parts of the diencephalon?
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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Which activities are controlled by the hypothalamus?
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What is another term for the hypothalamus?
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What are the two important structures of the epithalamus?
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What is the function of the pineal gland?
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What are knots of capillaries in the epithalamus called?
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What is the function of choroid plexus?
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What are the three parts of the brain stem?
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What are the two bulging fiber tracts in the midbrain?
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What is known as the 'Bridge of the Brain'?
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What is the function of the pons?
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What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
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Which brain parts control blood vessel dilation?
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What are the divisions of the cerebellum?
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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Which structures help in balance?
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How many semi-circular canals are there in each ear?
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What protects the CNS?
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What are the meninges?
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What is the thickest layer of the meninges?
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What is the thinnest layer of the meninges?
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What is the middle layer of the meninges?
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Where is the subarachnoid space located?
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What fills the subarachnoid space?
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What are diagnostics for CSF?
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Where are the meninges located?
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CSF is similar to what?
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What is the primary function of CSF?
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Where is CSF found?
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What is the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
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_____ are blood vessels that are _____ to germs.
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BBB protects the _____, not the _____ _____
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What are cranial nerves?
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What is the function of the olfactory nerve?
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What is the function of the optic nerve?
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What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
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What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
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What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
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What is the function of the abducens nerve?
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What is the function of the facial nerve?
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What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
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What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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What is the function of the vagus nerve?
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What is the function of the accessory nerve?
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What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
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What are the four muscles in the quad group?
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What is the function of sartorius?
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What is the function of sternocleidomastoid?
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What is the function of buccinator?
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What is the function of masseter?
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What is the function of temporalis?
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What is the function of frontalis?
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What is the function of orbicularis oris?
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What is the function of orbicularis ocular?
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What is the function of trapezius?
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What is the function of zygomaticus?
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What is the function of deltoid?
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What is the function of internal intercostals?
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What is the function of pectoralis major?
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What is the function of biceps brachii?
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What is the function of triceps brachii?
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What is the longest muscle?
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What is the largest cranial nerve?
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What is the longest cranial nerve?
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System Overview
- The brain consists of four main parts: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
- The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Cerebral Structure
- Cerebral hemispheres feature ridges called gyri that increase neuron surface area.
- Deep grooves are referred to as fissures, while shallow grooves are known as sulci.
- The cerebral hemispheres are divided into four lobes: parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital.
Functions of Cerebral Lobes
- The parietal lobe primarily processes taste.
- The frontal lobe contains the olfactory area for smell.
- The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing and speech.
- The occipital lobe is dedicated to vision.
Diencephalon Components
- Composed of three parts: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
- Thalamus serves as a relay station for neurons, crucial for learning and memory.
- Hypothalamus regulates body temperature and various visceral activities; it is considered the body's thermostat.
- The epithalamus contains the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin for sleep, and the choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Brain Stem and its Functions
- The brain stem consists of three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- Cerebral peduncles are bulging fiber tracts in the midbrain.
- The pons, dubbed the "bridge of the brain," assists with breathing.
- The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions like breathing, coughing, and blood vessel dilation.
Cerebellum
- The cerebellum does not have subdivisions and is essential for skilled movement and balance, working with the inner ear's semicircular canals.
- Each ear contains three semicircular canals.
Protection of the Central Nervous System
- The CNS is protected by structures including the cranium, spine, meninges, CSF, and blood-brain barrier (BBB).
- Meninges consist of three layers: dura mater (thickest), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (thinnest).
- The subarachnoid space, located between the arachnoid and pia mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides nourishment and protection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- CSF resembles blood plasma and is important for trauma protection.
- It is produced in the choroid plexus and is found in the subarachnoid space, brain ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord.
- CSF diagnostics can include spinal taps or punctures.
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
- The BBB allows only nutrients, oxygen, and water to enter the brain while protecting it from germs.
- It does not protect the spinal cord.
Cranial Nerves
- There are 12 cranial nerves with specific functions, including:
- Olfactory: smell
- Optic: vision
- Oculomotor and Trochlear: eye movement
- Trigeminal: chewing
- Abducens: eye abduction
- Facial: facial expression
- Vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance
- Glossopharyngeal: swallowing
- Vagus: controls all visceral activities
- Accessory: head and neck movement
- Hypoglossal: movement of the tongue
Muscle Functions
- Numerous muscles perform specific functions, including:
- Sartorius: flexes thigh
- Sternocleidomastoid: neck flexion
- Buccinator: sucking, whistling
- Masseter and Temporalis: jaw closure
- Deltoid: arm abduction
- Biceps Brachii: flexes elbow joint
- Triceps Brachii: extends elbow
Notable Muscles
- Sartorius is the longest muscle in the body.
- Trigeminal is the largest cranial nerve, while the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the central nervous system with this comprehensive quiz! Explore the structure and functions of the brain, including its four lobes, diencephalon components, and key processes. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or anatomy.