Central Nervous System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the four parts of the brain?

  • Brain stem (correct)
  • Cerebrum (correct)
  • Cerebellum (correct)
  • Diencephalon (correct)

What is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

What are the divisions of the cerebrum?

  • Occipital lobe (correct)
  • Temporal lobe (correct)
  • Parietal lobe (correct)
  • Frontal lobe (correct)

What are ridges of tissues in cerebral hemispheres called?

<p>gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a gyrus?

<p>allows more surface area for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deep gyrus called?

<p>fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shallow gyrus called?

<p>sulcus/sulci</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

<p>Taste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

<p>olfactory area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

<p>hearing, speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

<p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the diencephalon?

<p>Epithalamus (B), Thalamus (C), Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus?

<p>relay station for neurons, learning &amp; memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

<p>controls body temperature, visceral activities, pleasure center, appetite, thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activities are controlled by the hypothalamus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the hypothalamus?

<p>thermostat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two important structures of the epithalamus?

<p>Choroid plexus (C), Pineal gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

<p>secretes melatonin for sleeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are knots of capillaries in the epithalamus called?

<p>choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of choroid plexus?

<p>supplies blood to brain, produces CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

<p>Medulla oblongata (B), Midbrain (C), Pons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two bulging fiber tracts in the midbrain?

<p>cerebral peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is known as the 'Bridge of the Brain'?

<p>pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pons?

<p>helps in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

<p>controls breathing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, blood vessel dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain parts control blood vessel dilation?

<p>Hypothalamus (A), Medulla oblongata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the divisions of the cerebellum?

<p>None (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebellum?

<p>helps in skilled movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures help in balance?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many semi-circular canals are there in each ear?

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protects the CNS?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the meninges?

<p>dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickest layer of the meninges?

<p>dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thinnest layer of the meninges?

<p>pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

<p>arachnoid mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

<p>between arachnoid &amp; pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fills the subarachnoid space?

<p>CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are diagnostics for CSF?

<p>Spinal tap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the meninges located?

<p>brain &amp; spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

CSF is similar to what?

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CSF?

<p>protection against trauma &amp; injury, provides nourishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is CSF found?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

<p>allows only nutrients, oxygen, water to enter brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ are blood vessels that are _____ to germs.

<p>BBB, impermeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

BBB protects the _____, not the _____ _____

<p>brain, spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cranial nerves?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

<p>smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic nerve?

<p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

<p>eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

<p>eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

<p>chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

<p>abduction of eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the facial nerve?

<p>facial expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

<p>hearing, balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

<p>swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

<p>controls all visceral activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

<p>head, neck movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

<p>movement of tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four muscles in the quad group?

<p>Vastus intermedius (A), Vastus medialis (B), Vastus lateralis (C), Rectus femoris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sartorius?

<p>flexes thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sternocleidomastoid?

<p>neck flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of buccinator?

<p>sucking, whistling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of masseter?

<p>jaw closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of temporalis?

<p>jaw closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of frontalis?

<p>raises eyebrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of orbicularis oris?

<p>closes lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of orbicularis ocular?

<p>closes eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of trapezius?

<p>neck flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of zygomaticus?

<p>raises corners of mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of deltoid?

<p>arm abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of internal intercostals?

<p>helps in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pectoralis major?

<p>adducts arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of biceps brachii?

<p>flexes elbow joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of triceps brachii?

<p>extends elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest muscle?

<p>sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest cranial nerve?

<p>trigeminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest cranial nerve?

<p>vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Central Nervous System Overview

  • The brain consists of four main parts: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
  • The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Cerebral Structure

  • Cerebral hemispheres feature ridges called gyri that increase neuron surface area.
  • Deep grooves are referred to as fissures, while shallow grooves are known as sulci.
  • The cerebral hemispheres are divided into four lobes: parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital.

Functions of Cerebral Lobes

  • The parietal lobe primarily processes taste.
  • The frontal lobe contains the olfactory area for smell.
  • The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing and speech.
  • The occipital lobe is dedicated to vision.

Diencephalon Components

  • Composed of three parts: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
  • Thalamus serves as a relay station for neurons, crucial for learning and memory.
  • Hypothalamus regulates body temperature and various visceral activities; it is considered the body's thermostat.
  • The epithalamus contains the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin for sleep, and the choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Brain Stem and its Functions

  • The brain stem consists of three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
  • Cerebral peduncles are bulging fiber tracts in the midbrain.
  • The pons, dubbed the "bridge of the brain," assists with breathing.
  • The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions like breathing, coughing, and blood vessel dilation.

Cerebellum

  • The cerebellum does not have subdivisions and is essential for skilled movement and balance, working with the inner ear's semicircular canals.
  • Each ear contains three semicircular canals.

Protection of the Central Nervous System

  • The CNS is protected by structures including the cranium, spine, meninges, CSF, and blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Meninges consist of three layers: dura mater (thickest), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (thinnest).
  • The subarachnoid space, located between the arachnoid and pia mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides nourishment and protection.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

  • CSF resembles blood plasma and is important for trauma protection.
  • It is produced in the choroid plexus and is found in the subarachnoid space, brain ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord.
  • CSF diagnostics can include spinal taps or punctures.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

  • The BBB allows only nutrients, oxygen, and water to enter the brain while protecting it from germs.
  • It does not protect the spinal cord.

Cranial Nerves

  • There are 12 cranial nerves with specific functions, including:
    • Olfactory: smell
    • Optic: vision
    • Oculomotor and Trochlear: eye movement
    • Trigeminal: chewing
    • Abducens: eye abduction
    • Facial: facial expression
    • Vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance
    • Glossopharyngeal: swallowing
    • Vagus: controls all visceral activities
    • Accessory: head and neck movement
    • Hypoglossal: movement of the tongue

Muscle Functions

  • Numerous muscles perform specific functions, including:
    • Sartorius: flexes thigh
    • Sternocleidomastoid: neck flexion
    • Buccinator: sucking, whistling
    • Masseter and Temporalis: jaw closure
    • Deltoid: arm abduction
    • Biceps Brachii: flexes elbow joint
    • Triceps Brachii: extends elbow

Notable Muscles

  • Sartorius is the longest muscle in the body.
  • Trigeminal is the largest cranial nerve, while the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the central nervous system with this comprehensive quiz! Explore the structure and functions of the brain, including its four lobes, diencephalon components, and key processes. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or anatomy.

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