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Questions and Answers
What is the function of a codon in mRNA?
What is the function of a codon in mRNA?
Which of the following represents a start codon?
Which of the following represents a start codon?
What is the amino acid encoded by the codon GGC?
What is the amino acid encoded by the codon GGC?
Which of these codons serves as a stop signal for translation?
Which of these codons serves as a stop signal for translation?
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Which amino acid corresponds to the codon UUG?
Which amino acid corresponds to the codon UUG?
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What does the sequence AUG UAA signify in an mRNA strand?
What does the sequence AUG UAA signify in an mRNA strand?
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If a codon contains the sequence AUC, what amino acid does it represent?
If a codon contains the sequence AUC, what amino acid does it represent?
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Which of the following codons does NOT encode for an amino acid?
Which of the following codons does NOT encode for an amino acid?
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In the codon table, which of the following pairs correctly match a codon with its corresponding amino acid?
In the codon table, which of the following pairs correctly match a codon with its corresponding amino acid?
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How many amino acids can be encoded by a single codon?
How many amino acids can be encoded by a single codon?
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What role does the start codon play in translation?
What role does the start codon play in translation?
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What can happen if incorrect groupings of nucleotides are made during translation?
What can happen if incorrect groupings of nucleotides are made during translation?
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How many possible reading frames exist for a given mRNA sequence?
How many possible reading frames exist for a given mRNA sequence?
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What is the first codon in the reading frame known as?
What is the first codon in the reading frame known as?
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Which three nucleotides are recognized as the start codon?
Which three nucleotides are recognized as the start codon?
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What happens if translation begins with the wrong reading frame?
What happens if translation begins with the wrong reading frame?
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In the example of a sentence, what does the incorrect grouping of letters illustrate?
In the example of a sentence, what does the incorrect grouping of letters illustrate?
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What ensures that a coherent and correct protein structure is formed during translation?
What ensures that a coherent and correct protein structure is formed during translation?
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What is the significance of having multiple reading frames in mRNA?
What is the significance of having multiple reading frames in mRNA?
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Which of the following describes the consequence of not starting with the correct codon during translation?
Which of the following describes the consequence of not starting with the correct codon during translation?
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What specifies where translation ends?
What specifies where translation ends?
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What is the structure of tRNA often simplified to depict?
What is the structure of tRNA often simplified to depict?
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What is found at the opposite end of the tRNA molecule from the amino acid attachment site?
What is found at the opposite end of the tRNA molecule from the amino acid attachment site?
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How many nucleotides make up each codon in mRNA?
How many nucleotides make up each codon in mRNA?
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What does the anticodon pair with during translation?
What does the anticodon pair with during translation?
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Which of the following amino acids corresponds to the mRNA codon 5'-ACA-3'?
Which of the following amino acids corresponds to the mRNA codon 5'-ACA-3'?
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Which of the following statements about tRNA is false?
Which of the following statements about tRNA is false?
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What role does tRNA play in the process of translation?
What role does tRNA play in the process of translation?
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What is the main function of the anticodon within the tRNA structure?
What is the main function of the anticodon within the tRNA structure?
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What relationship exists between multiple codons and amino acids?
What relationship exists between multiple codons and amino acids?
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What is the main purpose of translation in the context of gene expression?
What is the main purpose of translation in the context of gene expression?
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How does the genetic code specify amino acids?
How does the genetic code specify amino acids?
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Which type of molecule serves as the template for transcription?
Which type of molecule serves as the template for transcription?
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What is the direction in which codons in mRNA are read during translation?
What is the direction in which codons in mRNA are read during translation?
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What may happen as a result of mutations in the genetic code?
What may happen as a result of mutations in the genetic code?
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What are codons composed of?
What are codons composed of?
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How many different types of amino acids are noted in the context of translation?
How many different types of amino acids are noted in the context of translation?
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Which phase of gene expression involves the formation of mRNA from a DNA template?
Which phase of gene expression involves the formation of mRNA from a DNA template?
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Which macromolecule is produced as a result of the translation process?
Which macromolecule is produced as a result of the translation process?
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What role do ribosomes play in translation?
What role do ribosomes play in translation?
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Study Notes
Translation: Decoding mRNA
- Translation converts mRNA's nucleotide sequence into a protein's amino acid sequence.
- It's more complex than transcription because it involves converting between nucleic acids (mRNA) and proteins, which are completely different molecule types.
- Each mRNA codon, a three-nucleotide sequence, specifies a particular amino acid.
- A "codon table" (Figure 2.11) shows the amino acid each codon codes for.
- Translation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction of the mRNA transcript.
- A specific start codon, AUG, initiates translation, ensuring the correct 'reading frame' for the mRNA sequence.
- Incorrect groupings of nucleotides result in different proteins, similar to how incorrect groupings of letters change a sentence's meaning.
- Stop codons (UGA, UAG, or UAA) signal the termination of translation.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): The Amino Acid Link
- tRNA molecules link specific codons to their corresponding amino acids during translation.
- tRNA is a small, single-stranded RNA that folds into a complex 3D structure, depicted simply as a cloverleaf shape.
- The tRNA's anticodon, a three-nucleotide sequence, is complementary to a specific mRNA codon.
- Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid on its 3' end, determined by its anticodon sequence.
- For example, a tRNA with the anticodon 3'-UGU-5' will always carry threonine, base pairing with the mRNA codon 5'-ACA-3'.
- tRNA serves as the crucial intermediary in translating mRNA's nucleotide sequence into the protein's amino acid order.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the translation process of mRNA, converting its nucleotide sequence into the corresponding amino acid sequence of proteins. Discover the roles of codons, tRNA, and the importance of start and stop codons in the translation process. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of how proteins are synthesized in cells.
