Genetic Code and Translation - Dr. Amal A.M. Mohamed
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Questions and Answers

How many possible triple codon combinations are there?

  • 128
  • 64 (correct)
  • 32
  • 256

    • What is a codon?

  • A three base sequence in RNA
  • A four base sequence in DNA
  • A three base sequence in DNA (correct)
  • A three base sequence in tRNA

    • Why is the genetic code considered 'degenerate'?

  • Because each amino acid may be encoded by several codons (correct)
  • Because it is universal across all organisms
  • Because it is specific for a single amino acid
  • Because it determines the type of amino acid in a protein

    • What is the function of the non-sense codons UAA, UAG, and UGA?

    <p>Signifying termination of mRNA translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code?

    <p>Universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the codon usually read in mRNA?

    <p>5' to 3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What catalyzes the activation of amino acids for protein synthesis?

    <p>Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the reassociation of ribosomal subunits during the initiation of protein synthesis?

    <p>Eukaryotic initiation factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consumes 4 high energy bonds for each amino acid added during protein synthesis?

    <p>Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site of the ribosome binds the 1st aminoacyl tRNA?

    <p>Peptidyl site (P-site)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for carrying amino acids during protein synthesis?

    <p>tRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor dissociates the complete ribosome into its 40S and 60S subunits during initiation?

    <p>Eukaryotic initiation factor-1a (eIF-1a)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What binds GTP to form a binary complex during the formation of the 43S pre-initiation complex?

    <p>(eIF-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for protein synthesis to occur?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are mRNA codons read during protein synthesis?

    <p>Non-overlapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of non-sense codons UAA, UAG, and UGA?

    <p>They signify termination of mRNA translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the genetic code that allows each codon to be specific for a single amino acid?

    <p>Universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the genetic code considered 'degenerate'?

    <p>Each amino acid may be encoded by several codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor dissociates the complete ribosome into its 40S and 60S subunits during initiation?

    <p>eIF-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for carrying amino acids during protein synthesis?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the amino-acyl tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?

    <p>It catalyzes the activation of amino acids by sticking a specific amino acid to a specific tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eukaryotic initiation factor-1a (eIF-1a) in protein synthesis?

    <p>It prevents the reassociation of ribosomal subunits during initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) in protein synthesis?

    <p>It forms a binary complex with GTP during initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eukaryotic termination factors (eTF) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Are important for different stages of protein synthesis including termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consumes 4 high energy bonds for each amino acid added during protein synthesis?

    <p>The activation of amino acids by amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for protein synthesis to occur?

    <p>Amino acids, tRNAs, mRNA, and several protein factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of initiation factor3 (eIF-3) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Prevents reassociation of ribosomal subunits during initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the peptidyl site (P-site) on the ribosome during protein synthesis?

    <p>Binds the first aminoacyl tRNA (met tRNA) while next ones bind A-site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consumes two ATP molecules during protein synthesis?

    <p>Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is colinearity in the context of genes and proteins?

    <p>Linear correspondence in base sequence in the gene, mRNA, and amino acid sequence in the protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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