32 Questions
How many possible triple codon combinations are there?
64
What is a codon?
A three base sequence in DNA
Why is the genetic code considered 'degenerate'?
Because each amino acid may be encoded by several codons
What is the function of the non-sense codons UAA, UAG, and UGA?
Signifying termination of mRNA translation
Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code?
Universal
How is the codon usually read in mRNA?
5' to 3' direction
What catalyzes the activation of amino acids for protein synthesis?
Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase
What prevents the reassociation of ribosomal subunits during the initiation of protein synthesis?
Eukaryotic initiation factors
Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What consumes 4 high energy bonds for each amino acid added during protein synthesis?
Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase
Which site of the ribosome binds the 1st aminoacyl tRNA?
Peptidyl site (P-site)
What is responsible for carrying amino acids during protein synthesis?
tRNAs
Which factor dissociates the complete ribosome into its 40S and 60S subunits during initiation?
Eukaryotic initiation factor-1a (eIF-1a)
What binds GTP to form a binary complex during the formation of the 43S pre-initiation complex?
(eIF-2)
What is required for protein synthesis to occur?
All of the above
How are mRNA codons read during protein synthesis?
Non-overlapping
What is the function of non-sense codons UAA, UAG, and UGA?
They signify termination of mRNA translation
What is the characteristic of the genetic code that allows each codon to be specific for a single amino acid?
Universal
Why is the genetic code considered 'degenerate'?
Each amino acid may be encoded by several codons
Which factor dissociates the complete ribosome into its 40S and 60S subunits during initiation?
eIF-6
Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is responsible for carrying amino acids during protein synthesis?
tRNA
What is the role of the amino-acyl tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?
It catalyzes the activation of amino acids by sticking a specific amino acid to a specific tRNA
What is the function of eukaryotic initiation factor-1a (eIF-1a) in protein synthesis?
It prevents the reassociation of ribosomal subunits during initiation
What is the role of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) in protein synthesis?
It forms a binary complex with GTP during initiation
What is the function of eukaryotic termination factors (eTF) in protein synthesis?
Are important for different stages of protein synthesis including termination
What consumes 4 high energy bonds for each amino acid added during protein synthesis?
The activation of amino acids by amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase
What is required for protein synthesis to occur?
Amino acids, tRNAs, mRNA, and several protein factors
What is the function of initiation factor3 (eIF-3) in protein synthesis?
Prevents reassociation of ribosomal subunits during initiation
What is the role of the peptidyl site (P-site) on the ribosome during protein synthesis?
Binds the first aminoacyl tRNA (met tRNA) while next ones bind A-site.
What consumes two ATP molecules during protein synthesis?
Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase reaction.
What is colinearity in the context of genes and proteins?
Linear correspondence in base sequence in the gene, mRNA, and amino acid sequence in the protein.
Test your knowledge of genetic code, codons, mRNA, tRNA, and the process of translation with this quiz. Learn how codons determine the type and site of amino acids in proteins and how the genetic code is translated into functional proteins.
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