18 Questions
What type of substitution is described when a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine?
Transversion substitution
In which type of mutation are stop codons generated, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis?
Point mutation
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for linking amino acids in the elongation process of translation?
Peptidyl transferase
Which type of mutation can result in the replacement of one amino acid by another, potentially altering the protein's function?
Point mutation
What is the function of initiation factors (IF) in translation?
Separate ribosomal subunits
What is the consequence of mutations in repair genes according to the provided text?
They can result in cancer
What are the coding regions of mRNA that specify functional protein products called?
Exons
Which type of RNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA
When a gene mutation prevents its protein product from functioning properly, what can be the outcome?
Development of a disorder
In eukaryotic mRNA, what is added to the 5' end and the 3' end?
Poly A tail and 5' cap
What type of mutations can be inherited due to alterations in germ cells?
Point mutations
Which component of the ribosome has an anticodon that pairs with the codon in mRNA during translation?
tRNA
Which site on the ribosome allows the entrance of a tRNA bearing the first amino acid?
A site
What type of mutations arise from exposure to chemicals, UV rays, or x-rays?
Induced mutations
What is the role of release factors in translation?
Halt the process and release the polypeptide
Which part of the ribosome binds mRNA and allows the entrance of tRNA to the P site?
Small subunit
In DNA replication, what can induce mutations by causing errors in DNA sequencing?
Environmental agents
What type of mutations affect a single base pair?
Point mutations
Test your knowledge on the process of mRNA translation. Learn about exons, codons, tRNAs, ribosomes, and the synthesis of proteins from mRNA. Understand how amino acids are specified and carried to the ribosome during translation.
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