Biology Taxonomy and Classification Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Animalia kingdom?

Multicellular

Heterotrophic

Motile at some life stage

Presence of cell walls (correct)

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase (correct)

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

What is the primary function of the circulatory system in animals?

Transporting oxygen and nutrients (correct)

Filtering waste

Producing hormones

Digesting food

Which type of selection favors individuals with traits at both extremes of a distribution?

Disruptive selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a small group of individuals colonizes a new area, resulting in a limited gene pool compared to the original population?

Founder effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of dicot plants, but NOT monocot plants?

Net-like leaf veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a new species is formed from an existing species?

Speciation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant hormones is primarily responsible for stimulating fruit ripening?

Ethylene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in a Paramecium?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication?

The lytic cycle causes immediate host cell death, while the lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host genome. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the levels of classification from broadest to most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics is NOT true of the Kingdom Fungi?

They are autotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction in bacteria?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Absence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct scientific name for humans, using binomial nomenclature?

Homo sapiens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a plant hormone with its primary function?

Auxins: Stem elongation Signup and view all the answers

A population of beetles experiences a severe drought, leaving only a small number of individuals. Over time, the surviving beetles have a different genetic makeup compared to the original population. This is an example of:

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

A scientist studies the evolutionary relationships between different species by examining the similarities and differences in their embryonic development. This approach is known as:

Comparative embryology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation in animals?

Transporting blood to the lungs for gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

In a cross between a homozygous dominant plant (AA) and a homozygous recessive plant (aa) for a particular trait, what is the genotype of the offspring?

Aa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the kingdom Animalia?

Autotrophic nutrition Signup and view all the answers

A species of flower exhibits incomplete dominance for flower color. When a red flower (RR) is crossed with a white flower (WW), the offspring are all pink (RW). What would be the phenotypic ratio of a cross between two pink flowers (RW x RW)?

1:2:1 (red:pink:white) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the process of meiosis?

Division of a cell to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using binomial nomenclature in scientific naming?

To avoid confusion caused by common names. Signup and view all the answers

Which level of classification is directly below the phylum level?

Class Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is unique to Kingdom Fungi?

Cell walls made of chitin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of movement for Amoeba?

Pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Archaebacteria from Eubacteria?

Adaptation to extreme environments. Signup and view all the answers

In the lytic cycle of viral replication, what happens to the host cell?

The host cell is destroyed after replication. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with members of the Plantae kingdom?

Heterotrophic metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the phylogenetic tree?

It shows evolutionary relationships between species. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Binomial Nomenclature

Developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the mid-1700s.
Used for scientific naming of organisms to avoid confusion from common names.
Structure: Genus (capitalized, italicized/underlined) followed by species (lowercase, italicized/underlined).
Example: Homo sapiens.

Taxonomy, Taxa, Levels of Classification

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.
Taxa are groups of organisms at various levels (e.g., kingdom, phylum).
Levels of classification (broad to specific): Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.

Dichotomous Key & Phylogenetic Tree

Dichotomous key: Tool using a series of choices based on characteristics to identify organisms.
Phylogenetic tree: Diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species.

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotic, multicellular (often) or unicellular.
Cell walls made of chitin.
Heterotrophic (decomposers or parasites).
Impact on humans: Food (yeast), medicines (antibiotics like penicillin), diseases (e.g., athlete’s foot).

Kingdom Protista (Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena)

Paramecium: Moves using cilia.
Amoeba: Moves using pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions).
Euglena: Moves using a flagellum.

Kingdom Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

Shapes: Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral).
Reproduction: Binary fission, conjugation.
Archaebacteria: Thrive in extreme environments (e.g., hot springs).
Eubacteria: Common bacteria (e.g., E. coli).
Pathogenic: Can cause diseases (e.g., tuberculosis).
Aerobes vs. anaerobes: Need oxygen vs. no oxygen.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic: No nucleus, small single-celled (bacteria).
Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus, larger, multicellular or single-celled (plants, animals).

Viral Structure and Replication

Structure: Protein coat (capsid), genetic material (DNA or RNA).
Lytic cycle: Virus replicates and destroys the host cell.
Lysogenic cycle: Viral DNA integrates into host genome; dormant until activated.

Kingdom Plantae & Animalia

Plantae: Multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthetic), cell walls made of cellulose.
Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, usually motile (at some stage).

Genetics

DNA structure: Double helix, complementary base pairs (A-T, C-G), antiparallel strands.
Chromosomal structure: Chromosomes contain DNA; homologous pairs.
Cell cycle: Interphase (growth, DNA replication), Mitosis (cell division for growth, PMAT), Meiosis (reduces chromosome number, produces gametes, includes crossing over).
Genetics terms: Phenotype, genotype, alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive.
Crosses: Monohybrid (one trait, e.g., Aa x Aa), dihybrid (two traits, e.g., AaBb x AaBb).
Non-Mendelian inheritance: Incomplete dominance (blended traits, e.g., red + white = pink), codominance (both traits expressed, e.g., AB blood), sex-linkage (traits on sex chromosomes, e.g., hemophilia).

Evolution

Species: Group capable of interbreeding.
Speciation: Formation of new species.
Darwin's theory: Variation and natural selection.
Selection types: Stabilizing (favors average), directional (favors one extreme), disruptive (favors both extremes), sexual (favors traits increasing mating success).
Genetic drift: Bottleneck (reduction due to catastrophe) & Founder effect (new population from few individuals).
Evidence: Fossils, homologous structures, embryology.

Animal Structure and Function

Digestive system: Organs (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines), absorbs nutrients.
Respiratory system: Gas exchange (lungs, trachea, bronchi).
Circulatory system: Heart, blood vessels, oxygen transport.
Blood components: Erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), plasma, hemoglobin.
Circulation: Pulmonary (lungs), systemic (body).
Gas exchange: Inhalation brings oxygen, exhalation removes CO2.

Plant Structure and Function

Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, autotrophic, tissues include xylem and phloem.
Tissues/Organs: Roots (anchor, absorb), stems (support, transport), leaves (photosynthesis).
Germination: Requires water, oxygen, temperature.
Monocots vs. Dicots: Monocots (parallel veins, single cotyledon); Dicots (net-like veins, two cotyledons).
Plant hormones: Auxins (growth), gibberellins (seed germination), ethylene (fruit ripening).
Succession: Primary (begins on barren land), secondary (regrowth after disturbance).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of binomial nomenclature, taxonomy, and the classification of organisms. Explore the concepts of dichotomous keys and phylogenetic trees while learning about the kingdom Fungi. This quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of biological classification systems.