Biology 1 Chapter: Taxonomy and Classification

Taxonomy and Classification

• Organisms in the plantae and fungi kingdoms are multicellular.
• Students researching unicellular, prokaryotic organisms in harsh environments are likely studying archaebacteria.
• Xylem tissue is classified as vascular tissue, responsible for water transport in plants.
• The smallest classification shared by red maple (Acer rubrum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is the genus Acer.
• Xylem is the structure that transports water from plant roots to the rest of the plant.
• Eukaryotic organisms, like liver cells, have a nuclear membrane.
• Lobsters and centipedes are arthropods characterized by jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.
• The bay live oak, scientifically named Quercus virginiana, is closely related to Quercus falcate.
• Organisms with backbones belong to the phylum Chordata.
• Radial symmetry allows an organism to be divided into equal halves along any plane.
• Paramecium utilizes contractile vacuoles to expel excess water.
• Mammals and warm-blooded organisms can internally regulate body temperature.
• Mammals do not have scales; this statement is false.
• Plasmodium vivax, carried by Anopheles mosquitoes, causes malaria.
• To distinguish between fungal and animal cells, the presence of a cell wall is crucial.
• Whales indeed belong to the phylum Chordata, confirming the statement as true.
• The kingdom Protista comprises organisms, primarily found in aquatic habitats.
• Two types of vascular tissue: xylem (transports water and minerals) and phloem (transports sugars and organic molecules).
• Nonvascular plants are small due to the absence of vascular tissue.
• Amoebas move using pseudopods or "false feet."
• Paramecium is propelled by cilia.
• Euglena moves through the use of a flagellum.
• Scientific names are written with a capitalized genus and a lowercase species (Genus species).
• Levels of classification include kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
• Human classification: Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, Species Sapien.
• Organisms are classified based on shared physical traits.
• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, making the statement false.
• Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, confirming the statement as true.
• Bacteria shapes: coccus = spherical, bacillus = rod-shaped, spirillum = spiral-shaped.
• Symmetry types: bilateral symmetry has mirrored image halves; radial symmetry is divisible into similar halves from any direction; asymmetrical means no symmetry.
• A domain is indeed larger than a kingdom, confirming the statement as true.