Biology: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
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Questions and Answers

What are prokaryotic cells?

Very simple cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

What are eukaryotic cells?

More complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

What is the function of the nucleus?

The control center of the cell that contains DNA.

What begins in the nucleolus?

<p>Assembly of ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

<p>It keeps nuclear contents separate and allows the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins assembled in the cell?

<p>Ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?

<p>Rough ER is involved in the assembly/transport of proteins, while smooth ER is involved in the assembly/transport of lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi body (apparatus)?

<p>It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER for storage or transport out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does photosynthesis take place?

<p>In the chloroplast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

<p>Where cellular respiration takes place, using chemical energy stored in food to produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall?

<p>Supports and protects the cell as well as providing it shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell membrane do?

<p>Forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cilia?

<p>Short, hairlike projections used for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are flagella?

<p>Long, whiplike projections used for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Types

  • Prokaryotic cells are simple, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  • Eukaryotic cells are more complex, containing a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.
  • Nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing DNA.
  • Nucleolus is the site where ribosome assembly begins.
  • Nuclear membrane separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm and regulates material passage.

Protein Synthesis

  • Ribosomes are the sites of protein assembly, utilizing DNA instructions.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) consists of:
    • Rough ER involved in protein assembly and transport.
    • Smooth ER responsible for lipid assembly and transport.

Golgi Apparatus

  • Golgi Body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER for storage or transport outside the cell.

Energy Conversion Organelles

  • Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
  • Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, performing cellular respiration to produce ATP from food-derived chemical energy.

Cell Structure

  • Cell wall provides structural support, protection, and shape to the cell, mainly found in plant cells.
  • Cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, regulating the entry and exit of substances.

Movement Structures

  • Cilia are short, hair-like projections that facilitate movement.
  • Flagella are longer, whiplike projections used for motility.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structure and organelles. Each flashcard provides concise definitions to help reinforce your understanding of these essential biological concepts.

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