Cell Biology Quiz - Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells
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Questions and Answers

What structure is absent in prokaryotic cells?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Organelles
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus (correct)

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the cell membrane
  • In ribosomes
  • In the nucleus (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  • Absence of cell membrane
  • Presence of organelles (correct)
  • DNA located in the cytoplasm
  • Lack of cytoplasm

What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell measuring 1 nm on each side?

<p>6:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant discovery is attributed to Robert Brown?

<p>Discovery of the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in an animal cell?

<p>Produces and releases energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in an animal cell?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cell membrane play in an animal cell?

<p>Controls what enters and leaves the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in an animal cell?

<p>Synthesizes steroids and breaks down toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in controlling what enters and leaves the nucleus?

<p>Nuclear pores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in cells?

<p>To help move the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

<p>Chloroplast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the cytoskeleton?

<p>Microtubules and microfilaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding plant cells?

<p>They have a box-shaped structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

<p>To maintain the shape of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of Binary Fission?

<p>Cell growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced at the end of the Binary Fission process?

<p>Two identical cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Asexual Reproduction?

<p>Involves meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Binary Fission diagram, what do the symbols represent?

<p>An unicellular organism dividing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction involves Mitosis and Meiosis?

<p>Sexual Reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'cells'?

<p>Robert Hooke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Theodor Schwann contribute to cell theory?

<p>All animals are made of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of cell theory?

<p>Cells can only come from non-living matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to observe living cells through a microscope?

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to molecules once equilibrium is obtained?

<p>They move to maintain equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is associated with the idea that all plants are made of cells?

<p>Mathias Schleiden (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a solution with a greater concentration of solute than another?

<p>Hypertonic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of concentration?

<p>The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of materials from high concentration to low concentration without using energy?

<p>Passive transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cold temperatures on most solutions?

<p>They contract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis specifically the diffusion of?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit is used to measure concentration?

<p>Grams per milliliters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Turgor pressure occurs as a result of what process?

<p>Osmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to molecules during diffusion?

<p>They move from high concentration to low concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is equilibrium in the context of molecule distribution?

<p>When molecules are evenly distributed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell expands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does water typically move in relation to cell concentrations?

<p>From hypotonic to hypertonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the process of a cell shrinking in a hypertonic solution?

<p>Plasmolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the breakdown of a cell due to osmotic pressure?

<p>Cytolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of solutions when water moves from a hypotonic side to a hypertonic side?

<p>The concentration on the hypertonic side increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport requires energy to move materials?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT a form of passive transport?

<p>Sodium-Potassium Pump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of endocytosis?

<p>To transport materials into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocytosis involves the transportation of large particles?

<p>Phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves sodium ions ($Na^+$) out of the cell?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carbohydrate chains play in the diffusion process?

<p>Act as chemical identifiers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors would most likely increase the rate of diffusion?

<p>Raising the temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do protein channels facilitate diffusion?

<p>Change shape to allow larger molecules to pass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the size of molecules and the rate of diffusion?

<p>Larger molecules diffuse slower than smaller ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding pH and the rate of diffusion?

<p>pH is a factor influencing diffusion, but details are limited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

The theory that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Who coined the term "cell"?

Robert Hooke was the first person to use the term "cell" after observing the structure of cork under a microscope.

Who observed living cells first?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe living cells under a microscope.

Who contributed to the "all living things are made of cells" part?

Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden proposed this part of Cell Theory together: all animals and plants are composed of cells.

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Who contributed to the "cells come from other cells" part?

Rudolf Virchow added this essential part: cells originate only from preexisting cells.

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What is the function of the nucleus?

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating cell activities.

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What are ribosomes?

Tiny factories within the cell responsible for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for releasing energy from food molecules.

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What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A membrane-bound organelle involved in packaging and transporting proteins.

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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A network of membranes in the cell that plays a role in protein synthesis and detoxification.

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Surface Area and Volume

The surface area of a cell is the total area of its outer layer, while the volume is the amount of space it occupies. These measurements are important because they affect how efficiently a cell can transport substances across its membrane.

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Asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction where a single parent creates offspring that are genetically identical to itself.

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Key Difference: Nucleus

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both. This distinction is fundamental in understanding the complexity and organization of life.

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Sexual reproduction

A type of reproduction where two parents contribute genetic material to create offspring with a unique combination of genes.

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Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a thin barrier that surrounds all cells. It controls what enters and exits the cell, and plays a crucial role in communication and maintaining cell integrity.

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Binary fission

A method of asexual reproduction used by single-celled organisms like bacteria, where a single cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

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DNA's Role

DNA, located within the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, contains the genetic information that guides all cellular processes.

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DNA replication in binary fission

The process in binary fission where the cell's DNA is copied.

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Cell division in binary fission

The final stage of binary fission, where the original cell splits into two new cells.

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Organelles' Purpose

Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions. They contribute to the overall function of the cell.

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Cilia

Tiny hair-like structures on the surface of some cells that help them move, like oars on a boat.

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Flagellum

A long, whip-like structure that helps a cell move, like a tail.

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Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that provides support and structure to a cell, like a skeleton.

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Chloroplast

The organelle in plant cells that captures sunlight and converts it to energy through photosynthesis.

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Cell wall

A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides support and protection in plant cells.

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Concentration

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

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Passive transport

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without requiring energy.

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Diffusion

The movement of molecules from a high concentration area to a low concentration area due to kinetic energy.

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Equilibrium

The state where molecules are evenly distributed throughout a space.

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Kinetic energy

The energy of motion possessed by molecules.

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Osmosis

The process of water molecules moving across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

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Isotonic Solution

Two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes; water moves equally in both directions across a semi-permeable membrane.

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Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than another solution; water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

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Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than another solution; water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.

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Cytolysis

The bursting of a cell due to excessive water intake in a hypotonic solution.

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Plasmolysis

The shrinking of a cell due to water loss in a hypertonic solution.

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Endocytosis

The process of taking in substances into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane.

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Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis where the cell engulfs small particles or liquids.

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Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.

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Carbohydrate chains as identifiers

Carbohydrates attached to cell membranes act as unique identifiers, allowing cells to recognize each other.

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How do protein channels work?

Protein channels in cell membranes can change shape to allow larger molecules and ions to pass through, a process called facilitated diffusion.

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How does temperature affect diffusion?

Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.

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How does size affect diffusion?

Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules.

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How does pH affect diffusion?

pH can influence the rate of diffusion, but the exact details are not provided in the document.

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