Biology: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from archaea and bacteria?

Separation of DNA and cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope (correct)

Use of glucose as the primary energy source

Reproduction by binary fission

Presence of ribosomes

All present-day organisms are descended from multiple common ancestors.

False

What does the acronym LUCA stand for?

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Mitochondria are believed to have originated from __________ bacteria.

aerobic Signup and view all the answers

What process do bacteria and archaea primarily use to divide?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes is not shared by all life forms on Earth?

Genetic system based on RNA Signup and view all the answers

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following attributes with their correct descriptions:

Morphology = Same shape to that of archaea and bacteria Endosymbiosis = Prokaryotic ancestors were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells Glycolysis = Breakdown of glucose to generate ATP Nuclear Envelope = Separation of DNA from the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Endosymbiosis refers to a relationship where two organisms become inseparable parts of the same organism.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the complete complement of an organism's genetic material?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the six lines of evidence supporting the prokaryotic characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Morphology or Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Energy can exist in many different forms, including heat, chemical, electrical, and __________ forms.

mechanical Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is possessed by an object because it is in motion?

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Horizontal Gene Transfer = Movement of genes between organisms other than to offspring Endomembrane system = Derived from the infolding of the plasma membrane Kinetic energy = Energy possessed by an object in motion Potential energy = Stored energy due to position or chemical structure Signup and view all the answers

A cell colony is a group of specialized cells with different structures and functions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of energy?

Kinetic energy and Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of allosteric inhibitors on enzymes?

They convert enzymes from a high to low affinity state. Signup and view all the answers

Covalent modification can deactivate enzymes that are normally active.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the product of a metabolic pathway slows enzymatic activity when the product is in excess?

Feedback Inhibition Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes typically function optimally at a pH near ____.

7 Signup and view all the answers

Match the enzyme regulation mechanisms with their descriptions:

Allosteric regulation = Regulation through reversible binding of molecules to an allosteric site Feedback inhibition = Inhibition of enzyme activity by excess product Covalent modification = Activation or deactivation through structural changes Proteolytic cleavage = Activation by shortening the enzyme's structure Signup and view all the answers

How do high and low affinity states of allosteric enzymes differ?

High affinity state binds strongly to substrates. Signup and view all the answers

Increasing temperature generally decreases the rate of chemical reactions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protease in enzyme activity?

To activate enzymes by proteolytic cleavage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transmembrane proteins?

To transport molecules across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Peripheral membrane proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for driving passive membrane transport?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

The secondary structure that forms when a domain interacts with the lipid bilayer is called an __________.

alpha helix Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of proteins with their descriptions:

Transmembrane proteins = Span the membrane and interact with nonpolar regions Peripheral proteins = Located on membrane surfaces, do not span the lipid bilayer Passive transport = Movement across a membrane without energy expenditure Diffusion = Driving force behind the passive movement of molecules Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

Size of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Charged molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of an increase in entropy on diffusion?

It drives the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major control point in the glycolysis pathway?

Phosphofructokinase Signup and view all the answers

Strict anaerobes can survive in the presence of oxygen.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of respiration uses an electron transport chain that employs a molecule other than oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol fermentation occurs in __________ such as yeast.

microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of organisms with their oxygen requirements:

Strict aerobes = Require oxygen to survive Facultative anaerobes = Can switch between fermentation and oxidative pathways Strict anaerobes = Require an oxygen-free environment Aerobes = Have an antioxidant defense system Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the nuclear envelope break down?

Prometaphase Signup and view all the answers

The nucleolus disappears during prophase as a result of RNA synthesis shutting down.

True Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms to orchestrate the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

Mitotic spindle Signup and view all the answers

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the __________ plate.

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of mitosis with their key characteristics:

Prophase = DNA condensation and nucleolus disappears Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the spindle midpoint Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate Telophase = Chromosomes decondense and spindle disassembles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes sister chromatids?

They are identical copies formed during DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

During anaphase, daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the spindle poles.

True Signup and view all the answers

What happens to microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores?

They overlap with those from the opposite spindle pole. Signup and view all the answers

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Test your knowledge on the distinct characteristics of eukaryotic cells compared to archaea and bacteria. This quiz covers essential concepts like endosymbiosis, the origin of mitochondria, and the evidence for prokaryotic traits in organelles. Dive into the fascinating world of cellular biology!

Biology: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Quiz

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from archaea and bacteria?

All present-day organisms are descended from multiple common ancestors.

What does the acronym LUCA stand for?

Mitochondria are believed to have originated from __________ bacteria.

What process do bacteria and archaea primarily use to divide?

Which of the following attributes is not shared by all life forms on Earth?

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.

Match the following attributes with their correct descriptions:

Endosymbiosis refers to a relationship where two organisms become inseparable parts of the same organism.

What is defined as the complete complement of an organism's genetic material?

Name one of the six lines of evidence supporting the prokaryotic characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Energy can exist in many different forms, including heat, chemical, electrical, and __________ forms.

What type of energy is possessed by an object because it is in motion?

Match the following terms with their definitions:

A cell colony is a group of specialized cells with different structures and functions.

What are the two main types of energy?

What is the effect of allosteric inhibitors on enzymes?

Covalent modification can deactivate enzymes that are normally active.

What is the term for the condition where the product of a metabolic pathway slows enzymatic activity when the product is in excess?

Enzymes typically function optimally at a pH near ____.

Match the enzyme regulation mechanisms with their descriptions:

How do high and low affinity states of allosteric enzymes differ?

Increasing temperature generally decreases the rate of chemical reactions.

What is the role of protease in enzyme activity?

What is the primary function of transmembrane proteins?

Peripheral membrane proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer.

What is primarily responsible for driving passive membrane transport?

The secondary structure that forms when a domain interacts with the lipid bilayer is called an __________.

Match the types of proteins with their descriptions:

What factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

Charged molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer by simple diffusion.

What is the impact of an increase in entropy on diffusion?

What is a major control point in the glycolysis pathway?

Strict anaerobes can survive in the presence of oxygen.

What type of respiration uses an electron transport chain that employs a molecule other than oxygen?

Alcohol fermentation occurs in __________ such as yeast.

Match the types of organisms with their oxygen requirements:

During which phase does the nuclear envelope break down?

The nucleolus disappears during prophase as a result of RNA synthesis shutting down.

What structure forms to orchestrate the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the __________ plate.

Match the following stages of mitosis with their key characteristics:

Which statement accurately describes sister chromatids?

During anaphase, daughter chromosomes are pulled towards the spindle poles.

What happens to microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores?

Study Notes

General Study Notes

Studying That Suits You

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