Biology Chapter: Cells and Life Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

  • Reproduction
  • Immortality (correct)
  • Homeostasis
  • Composed of cells

    • Eukaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.

    False

    What is the basic unit of life?

    Cell

    ___ reproduction involves two parent cells uniting to create genetically unique offspring.

    <p>Sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of animal tissues with their primary functions:

    <p>Nervous tissue = Transmits nerve impulses Muscle tissue = Causes movement Connective tissue = Provides structural support and transport Epithelial tissue = Covers body surfaces and lines cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a unicellular organism?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells come from non-living matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of eukaryotic organism.

    <p>Animal, plant, fungi or protist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process refers to the change in shape and structure of a cell to perform different functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organisms grow and develop at the same rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolism composed of?

    <p>Anabolism and Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All living things obtain energy from their environment or surroundings to support __________.

    <p>growth, development, reproduction, and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stimuli causes a response from within the body?

    <p>Internal stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Anabolism = Synthesizing compounds that expend energy Catabolism = Breaking down compounds that release energy Homeostasis = Maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes Adaptation = A trait that aids survival and reproduction in an environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is a type of carbohydrate that carries genetic information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They are usually smaller and simpler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organisms are made of one or more eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who named cells for the first time and in what year?

    <p>Robert Hooke, 1665</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material in the _______.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endocytosis is the process by which a cell releases materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of cells in biology?

    <p>Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cell structures with their functions:

    <p>Nucleus = Contains genetic material Mitochondria = Site of energy production Lysosome = Digests waste materials Plasma Membrane = Protects cell and controls permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Students will be able to differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
    • Students will be able to identify the structure and function of major cellular organelles.
    • Students will understand the role of mitochondria in metabolic processes.
    • Students will describe various functions of cell membranes.
    • Students will learn about different types of animal cells in various tissues.
    • Students will understand the role of nucleic acids in genetics and cellular communication.

    Characteristics of Life

    • All living things are composed of cells.
    • Reproduction is a fundamental characteristic of life.
    • Growth and development are vital aspects of life.
    • Obtaining and using energy (metabolism) is essential for life.
    • Responding to the environment is a key aspect of life.
    • Maintaining internal balance (homeostasis) is crucial for life.
    • DNA is the universal genetic code.
    • Evolution and adaptation are ongoing processes in life.

    Levels of Organization

    • Life is organized from atoms to molecules to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms to populations to ecosystems to the biosphere.

    Cell Theory

    • Cells are the fundamental units of life.
    • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
    • All cells come from pre-existing cells.
    • Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665.

    Types of Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells are the most primitive cells and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria.
    • Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include animal and plant cells.

    Reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction involves a single parent cell copying its DNA and dividing, creating genetically identical offspring. This can involve rapid reproduction of large numbers of identical organisms.
    • Sexual reproduction involves two parent cells uniting, leading to genetically unique offspring with increased genetic diversity.

    Growth and Development

    • Single-celled organisms grow by increasing their size.
    • Multicellular organisms develop through cell division and differentiation (cells changing shape and structure to carry out specific tasks).

    Obtain and Use Energy

    • Living things obtain energy from the environment and use it for growth, development, reproduction, and excretion.
    • Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism, including both anabolism (building up compounds) and catabolism (breaking down compounds).

    Respond to the Environment

    • Organisms respond to stimuli (anything that causes a reaction) from the internal or external environment.
    • Internal stimuli include things like blood glucose levels.
    • External stimuli include things like light and temperature.

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable, internal environment.
    • This is regulated primarily via automatic processes.

    DNA

    • DNA is the universal genetic code, determining the inherited traits of all organisms.
    • DNA is a nucleic acid with a double helix shape.

    Evolution and Adaptation

    • Evolution is the ability of a group of organisms to gradually change over time to better survive in changing environments.
    • Adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its specific environment.

    The Cell

    • The cell is the lowest level of organization where essential life functions can occur.
    • Eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed organelles like the nucleus.
    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, being simpler.

    Animal Cell Structure

    • Animal cells have a plasma membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
    • Internal organelles include a nucleus that houses DNA.
    • Other important organelles have specific functions (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and others).

    Cell Membrane Functions

    • The cell membrane acts as a barrier, protecting the cell.
    • It is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and exits.
    • Endocytosis and exocytosis: processes allowing for the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
    • Cell signaling: membranes use proteins to interact with other cells and the environment.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in biology, focusing on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cellular organelles, and the functions of cell membranes. Students will also explore how these biological concepts relate to the characteristics of life, including metabolism, homeostasis, and genetics. Enhance your understanding of life's fundamental processes through this comprehensive quiz.

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