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Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

  1. They have no nuclear membrane, 2) their DNA is not wound around histones, 3) the cell walls are made of a chemical called peptidoglycan, 4) they do not have complex membrane-bound organelles.

What are some characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

  1. They have a nuclear membrane around their DNA, 2) their DNA is wound around histones, 3) they have complex membrane-bound organelles.

What are the six shapes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  1. Coccus, 2) Bacillus, 3) Vibrio, 4) Spirillum, 5) Spirochete, 6) Pleomorphism.

What are the five arrangements of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<ol> <li>Diplo, 2) Strepto, 3) Staphylo, 4) Tetra, 5) Sarcinae.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of gram-positive organisms have which cell wall structure?

<p>Peptidoglycan (Murien)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of gram-negative organisms have which cell wall structure?

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chromatophores do?

<p>Make pigment colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 types of flagella?

<ol> <li>Monotrichous, 2) Amphitrichous, 3) Lophotrichous, 4) Peritrichous, 5) Atrichous.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does monotrichous mean?

<p>It is a polar cell with a single flagellum on the end of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does amphitrichous mean?

<p>Having a single flagellum on both ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lophotrichous mean?

<p>Has small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does peritrichous mean?

<p>Having flagella dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does atrichous mean?

<p>Without flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a glycocalyx?

<p>A filamentous network of carbohydrate-rich molecules that coats cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a slime layer?

<p>A diffuse unorganized layer of polysaccharides and/or proteins on the outside of some bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a capsule?

<p>A hardened slime layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus contains what?

<p>DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics

  • Lack a nuclear membrane
  • DNA is not associated with histones
  • Cell walls predominantly composed of peptidoglycan
  • Absence of complex membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cells Characteristics

  • Surrounded by a nuclear membrane encapsulating DNA
  • DNA is associated with histones
  • Contain complex membrane-bound organelles, enhancing cellular function

Shapes of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

  • Coccus: spherical shape
  • Bacillus: rod-like shape
  • Vibrio: comma-shaped
  • Spirillum: spiral shape
  • Spirochete: flexible spiral shape
  • Pleomorphism: variability in shape

Arrangements of Cells

  • Diplo: pairs of cells
  • Strepto: chains of cells
  • Staphylo: clusters of cells
  • Tetra: groups of four cells
  • Sarcinae: cubic arrangements of eight cells

Gram-Positive Cell Wall Structure

  • Characterized by a thick layer of peptidoglycan (Murien)
  • Contains trichroic acid and a cell membrane

Gram-Negative Cell Wall Structure

  • Comprises a thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • Features an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which act as endotoxins

Function of Chromatophores

  • Responsible for synthesizing pigment colors in certain cells

Types of Flagella

  • Monotrichous: single flagellum at one pole
  • Amphitrichous: single flagellum at both poles
  • Lophotrichous: multiple flagella clustered at one end
  • Peritrichous: flagella distributed over the entire surface
  • Atrichous: devoid of flagella

Glycocalyx Definition

  • A network of carbohydrate-rich molecules coating cell surfaces, aiding in protection and adhesion

Slime Layer Definition

  • An unorganized, diffuse layer of polysaccharides and/or proteins outside some bacterial cells

Capsule Definition

  • A well-organized, hardened slime layer; important for pathogenic bacteria, such as those causing pneumonia

Nucleus Composition

  • Contains DNA, the genetic material essential for cellular function and inheritance

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Description

Explore the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz focuses on their characteristics, including cell structure, DNA organization, and the presence of organelles. Perfect for students studying biology and cell theory.

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