Questions and Answers
Euglenozoa is a diverse clade that includes ______ and kinetoplastids
euglenids
The main feature distinguishing them as a clade is a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their ______
flagella
Kinetoplastids have a single ______ with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
mitochondrion
Some data suggest that the supergroup ______ is monophyletic and originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event
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Members of the sub-group ______ have membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
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Dinoflagellates have two ______ and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
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Toxic “red tides” are caused by dinoflagellate ______
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The alveolates include – Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – ______
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Golden algae are named for their ______ color, which results from their yellow and brown carotenoids
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[Blank] algae are the largest and most complex algae
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The algal body is plantlike but lacks true roots, stems, and leaves and is called a ______
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Marine protists called ______ have tests fused into one delicate piece, usually made of silica
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The ______ of radiolarians radiate from the central body
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Gas-filled ______ help kelp grow vertically in search of light
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Some brown algae show complex life cycles that include an alternation of ______ generations
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Foraminiferans, or ______, are named for porous, generally multichambered shells, called tests
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Red algae are reddish in color due to an accessory pigment called ______, which masks the green of chlorophyll
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The diploid ______ produces haploid flagellated spores called zoospores
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DNA evidence suggests that the sub-group ______ is a monophyletic clade
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The supergroup ______ includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
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Rhizarians include ______, forams, and cercozoans
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The supergroup ______ includes animals, fungi, and some protists
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Green algae are usually ______; the largest are seaweeds
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The two main groups of green algae are ______ and charophytes, the most closely related to land plants
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Study Notes
Euglenozoa
- A diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids
- Members can be predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, or parasites
- Characterized by a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
- Euglenids have one or two flagella emerging from a pocket at one end of the cell
- Kinetoplastids have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Kinetoplastids
- Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
- Trypanosoma gambiense causes sleeping sickness in humans
- Another pathogenic trypanosome causes Chagas' disease leading to congestive heart failure
SAR Supergroup
- May have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event with a red alga as the endosymbiont
- Includes the alveolates and the stramenopiles
- Controversial clade
Alveolata Subgroup
- Members have membrane-bound sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
- Function of alveoli is unknown
- Includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates
Dinoflagellates
- Have two flagella and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
- Abundant components of marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- Diverse group of aquatic phototrophs, mixotrophs, and heterotrophs
- Toxic "red tides" are caused by dinoflagellate blooms
Radiolarians
- Marine protists with tests fused into one delicate piece, usually made of silica
- Use pseudopodia to engulf microorganisms through phagocytosis
- Pseudopodia radiate from the central body
Foraminiferans (Forams)
- Named for porous, generally multichambered shells, called tests
- Pseudopodia extend through the pores in the test
- Tests in marine sediments form an extensive fossil record
- Many forams have endosymbiotic algae
Archaeplastida Supergroup
- Includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
- Reddish in color due to accessory pigment phycoerythrin, which masks the green of chlorophyll
- Color varies from greenish-red in shallow water to dark red or almost black in deep water
- Usually multicellular; the largest are seaweeds
- Most abundant large algae in coastal waters of the tropics
Green Algae
- Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
- Plants are descended from green algae
- Paraphyletic group
- Two main groups are chlorophytes and charophytes, with charophytes being the most closely related to land plants
Unikonta Supergroup
- Includes animals, fungi, and some protists
- Includes the amoebozoans and the opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
- Root of the eukaryotic tree remains controversial
Slime Molds (Mycetozoans)
- Were once thought to be fungi
Golden Algae
- Named for their color, which results from their yellow and brown carotenoids
- Cells are typically biflagellated, with both flagella near one end
- All are photosynthetic, and some are mixotrophs
- Most are unicellular, but some are colonial
Brown Algae
- Largest and most complex algae
- All are multicellular, and most are marine
- Include many species commonly called "seaweeds"
- Kelp forests are important to marine fish reproduction as food sources and shelter
- Have the most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae
Kelp Forests
- Giant seaweeds that live in deep parts of the ocean
- Algal body is plantlike but lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, and is called a thallus
- Rootlike holdfast anchors the stemlike stipe, which in turn supports the leaflike blades
- Gas-filled bladders help kelp grow vertically in search of light
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Description
Learn about Euglenozoa, a clade of diverse organisms including euglenids and kinetoplastids, and their distinct features. Quiz yourself on their flagella, mitochondria, and more.
