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Questions and Answers
Which group of organisms is known to cause 'red tides'?
Which group of organisms is known to cause 'red tides'?
The supergroup SAR is thought to have originated by a primary endosymbiosis event.
The supergroup SAR is thought to have originated by a primary endosymbiosis event.
False
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?
Sleeping sickness
What is the primary function of pseudopodia in radiolarians?
What is the primary function of pseudopodia in radiolarians?
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Foraminiferans, or forams, have a single-chambered test.
Foraminiferans, or forams, have a single-chambered test.
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What is the name of the accessory pigment that gives red algae their characteristic color?
What is the name of the accessory pigment that gives red algae their characteristic color?
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Green algae are a _______________________ group.
Green algae are a _______________________ group.
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Match the following groups with their characteristics:
Match the following groups with their characteristics:
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What is the function of the pores in the tests of foraminiferans?
What is the function of the pores in the tests of foraminiferans?
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Slime molds, or mycetozoans, are a type of algae.
Slime molds, or mycetozoans, are a type of algae.
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What is the name of the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants?
What is the name of the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants?
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What is the characteristic of protists that makes them the most nutritionally diverse of all eukaryotes?
What is the characteristic of protists that makes them the most nutritionally diverse of all eukaryotes?
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Protista is still a valid kingdom in modern taxonomy.
Protista is still a valid kingdom in modern taxonomy.
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What is the term used to describe the combination of photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition in some protists?
What is the term used to describe the combination of photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition in some protists?
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The supergroup _______ includes protists such as Euglenozoa and Dinoflagellates.
The supergroup _______ includes protists such as Euglenozoa and Dinoflagellates.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of some protists?
Which of the following is a characteristic of some protists?
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Match the following protist groups with their corresponding characteristic:
Match the following protist groups with their corresponding characteristic:
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All protists reproduce sexually.
All protists reproduce sexually.
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The term 'protist' refers to the informal name of the group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not _______, _______, or _______.
The term 'protist' refers to the informal name of the group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not _______, _______, or _______.
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Study Notes
Euglenozoa
- A diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids
- Members can be predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, or parasites
- Characterized by a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
- Euglenids have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
- Kinetoplastids have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Kinetoplastids
- Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
- Examples: Trypanosoma gambiense (causes sleeping sickness in humans) and another pathogenic trypanosome that causes Chagas’ disease leading to congestive heart failure
SAR (Supergroup)
- Proposed to have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event involving a red alga
- A controversial clade that includes alveolates and stramenopiles
Alveolata (Sub-group)
- Characterized by membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
- Function of alveoli is unknown
- Includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates
Dinoflagellates
- Have two flagella and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
- Abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- A diverse group of aquatic phototrophs, mixotrophs, and heterotrophs
- Can cause toxic "red tides" through blooms
Protists
- The informal name for a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals
- A polyphyletic group, with Protista no longer valid as a kingdom
- Can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
- Nutritionally diverse, including photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
- Can reproduce asexually, sexually, or by alternation of generations
Archaeplastida (Supergroup)
- Includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
- Characterized by the presence of chloroplasts
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Reddish in color due to the accessory pigment phycoerythrin
- Multicellular; the largest are seaweeds
- Most abundant large algae in coastal waters of the tropics
Green Algae
- Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
- Plants are descended from green algae
- A paraphyletic group, with two main groups: chlorophytes and charophytes
- Chlorophytes live in freshwater, although many are marine
- Charophytes are the most closely related to land plants
Unikonta (Supergroup)
- Includes animals, fungi, and some protists
- Characterized by the presence of amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
- The root of the eukaryotic tree remains controversial
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Description
Learn about the characteristics and diversity of Euglenozoa, including euglenids and kinetoplastids, their modes of nutrition and unique cellular features.
