Questions and Answers
Which group of organisms is known to cause 'red tides'?
The supergroup SAR is thought to have originated by a primary endosymbiosis event.
False
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?
Sleeping sickness
What is the primary function of pseudopodia in radiolarians?
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Foraminiferans, or forams, have a single-chambered test.
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What is the name of the accessory pigment that gives red algae their characteristic color?
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Green algae are a _______________________ group.
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Match the following groups with their characteristics:
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What is the function of the pores in the tests of foraminiferans?
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Slime molds, or mycetozoans, are a type of algae.
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What is the name of the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants?
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What is the characteristic of protists that makes them the most nutritionally diverse of all eukaryotes?
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Protista is still a valid kingdom in modern taxonomy.
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What is the term used to describe the combination of photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition in some protists?
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The supergroup _______ includes protists such as Euglenozoa and Dinoflagellates.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of some protists?
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Match the following protist groups with their corresponding characteristic:
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All protists reproduce sexually.
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The term 'protist' refers to the informal name of the group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not _______, _______, or _______.
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Study Notes
Euglenozoa
- A diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids
- Members can be predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, or parasites
- Characterized by a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
- Euglenids have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
- Kinetoplastids have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Kinetoplastids
- Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
- Examples: Trypanosoma gambiense (causes sleeping sickness in humans) and another pathogenic trypanosome that causes Chagas’ disease leading to congestive heart failure
SAR (Supergroup)
- Proposed to have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event involving a red alga
- A controversial clade that includes alveolates and stramenopiles
Alveolata (Sub-group)
- Characterized by membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
- Function of alveoli is unknown
- Includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates
Dinoflagellates
- Have two flagella and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
- Abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- A diverse group of aquatic phototrophs, mixotrophs, and heterotrophs
- Can cause toxic "red tides" through blooms
Protists
- The informal name for a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals
- A polyphyletic group, with Protista no longer valid as a kingdom
- Can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
- Nutritionally diverse, including photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
- Can reproduce asexually, sexually, or by alternation of generations
Archaeplastida (Supergroup)
- Includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
- Characterized by the presence of chloroplasts
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Reddish in color due to the accessory pigment phycoerythrin
- Multicellular; the largest are seaweeds
- Most abundant large algae in coastal waters of the tropics
Green Algae
- Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
- Plants are descended from green algae
- A paraphyletic group, with two main groups: chlorophytes and charophytes
- Chlorophytes live in freshwater, although many are marine
- Charophytes are the most closely related to land plants
Unikonta (Supergroup)
- Includes animals, fungi, and some protists
- Characterized by the presence of amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
- The root of the eukaryotic tree remains controversial
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Description
Learn about the characteristics and diversity of Euglenozoa, including euglenids and kinetoplastids, their modes of nutrition and unique cellular features.
