Questions and Answers
Dinoflagellates have two ______ and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
flagella
The ______ include Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, and Ciliates
alveolates
Euglenozoa is a diverse clade that includes ______ and kinetoplastids
euglenids
The main feature distinguishing Euglenozoa as a clade is a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their ______
Signup and view all the answers
Kinetoplastids have a single ______ with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Signup and view all the answers
The supergroup ______ is monophyletic and originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event
Signup and view all the answers
The proposed endosymbiont of the supergroup SAR is a ______ alga
Signup and view all the answers
Members of the sub-group ______ have membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
Signup and view all the answers
The informal name of the group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants or animals is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Marine protists, called ______, have tests fused into one delicate piece, usually made of silica.
Signup and view all the answers
Most ______ are unicellular, but there are some colonial and multicellular species.
Signup and view all the answers
Mixotrophs combine ______ and heterotrophic nutrition.
Signup and view all the answers
Foraminiferans, or ______, are named for porous, generally multichambered shells, called tests.
Signup and view all the answers
Some protists reproduce asexually, while others reproduce ______, or by the sexual processes of meiosis and fertilization.
Signup and view all the answers
______ is the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants.
Signup and view all the answers
The supergroup that includes Dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Red algae are reddish in color due to an accessory pigment called ______, which masks the green of chlorophyll.
Signup and view all the answers
Green algae are named for their ______ chloroplasts.
Signup and view all the answers
The supergroup that includes Euglenozoa is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The supergroup that includes Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The supergroup ______ includes animals, fungi, and some protists.
Signup and view all the answers
Slime molds, or ______, were once thought to be fungi.
Signup and view all the answers
Protists, the most ______ diverse of all eukaryotes, include photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs.
Signup and view all the answers
Many ______ have endosymbiotic algae.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Euglenozoa
- A diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids
- Members can be predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, or parasites
- Characterized by a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
- Euglenids have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
- Kinetoplastids have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Kinetoplastids
- Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
- Examples: Trypanosoma gambiense (causes sleeping sickness in humans) and another pathogenic trypanosome that causes Chagas’ disease leading to congestive heart failure
SAR (Supergroup)
- Proposed to have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event involving a red alga
- A controversial clade that includes alveolates and stramenopiles
Alveolata (Sub-group)
- Characterized by membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
- Function of alveoli is unknown
- Includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates
Dinoflagellates
- Have two flagella and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
- Abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- A diverse group of aquatic phototrophs, mixotrophs, and heterotrophs
- Can cause toxic "red tides" through blooms
Protists
- The informal name for a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals
- A polyphyletic group, with Protista no longer valid as a kingdom
- Can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
- Nutritionally diverse, including photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
- Can reproduce asexually, sexually, or by alternation of generations
Archaeplastida (Supergroup)
- Includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
- Characterized by the presence of chloroplasts
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Reddish in color due to the accessory pigment phycoerythrin
- Multicellular; the largest are seaweeds
- Most abundant large algae in coastal waters of the tropics
Green Algae
- Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
- Plants are descended from green algae
- A paraphyletic group, with two main groups: chlorophytes and charophytes
- Chlorophytes live in freshwater, although many are marine
- Charophytes are the most closely related to land plants
Unikonta (Supergroup)
- Includes animals, fungi, and some protists
- Characterized by the presence of amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
- The root of the eukaryotic tree remains controversial
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Euglenozoa is a diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids. They have distinct features such as spiral rods in flagella and organized DNA in mitochondria. Learn more about these characteristics and their types.
