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Biochemistry LE 5: Gene I: Replication
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Biochemistry LE 5: Gene I: Replication

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Questions and Answers

What is the direction of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases?

  • 5' → 3' (correct)
  • 3' → 5'
  • Either 3' → 5' or 5' → 3'
  • Both 3' → 5' and 5' → 3'

    • What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

  • Synthesizing RNA primers (correct)
  • Unwinding the double helix
  • Preventing reassociation of single strands
  • Relieving torsional strain

    • What is the purpose of single-strand binding proteins in DNA replication?

  • To relieve torsional strain
  • To prevent reassociation of single strands (correct)
  • To synthesize RNA primers
  • To unwind the double helix

    • What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

    <p>Relieving torsional strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA replication?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of DNA replication in eukaryotes?

    <p>6-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNase H?

    <p>To hydrolyze DNA-RNA hybrids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Geminin in DNA replication?

    <p>Blocking re-initiation of the origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the parent strand that is replicated continuously?

    <p>3'→5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein family includes DNA Polymerase α, δ, and ε?

    <p>Family B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the new strand called that is synthesized continuously?

    <p>Leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Cdt in DNA replication?

    <p>Geminin binds and inhibits Cdt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the new strand that is synthesized discontinuously?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase?

    <p>To synthesize DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the leading strand?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the lagging strand?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 5'-hydroxyl group?

    <p>It attacks the phosphorus adjacent to the sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first enzyme responsible for the synthesis of RNAs?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Topoisomerase in paired bases?

    <p>To create nicks on paired bases to ease torsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Primase in Okazaki fragments?

    <p>To initiate the synthesis of RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the processivity of Polymerase δ?

    <p>Continuous synthesis of DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PCNA in DNA replication?

    <p>To facilitate the processivity of Polymerase δ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands?

    <p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase α in Okazaki fragments?

    <p>To synthesize the first DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of DNA molecules in the lagging strand?

    <p>Polymerase ε</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Polymerase δ in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize DNA molecules in the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the two chains of the DNA molecule?

    <p>Antiparallel to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bases in the DNA molecule?

    <p>Found at the core of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pairing of Guanine (G) with?

    <p>Cytosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of hydrogen bonds between Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)?

    <p>3 hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of DNA replication for?

    <p>Provision of genetic information to the progeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of DNA replication in terms of genetic stability?

    <p>To maintain genetic stability within the organism and the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the replication process in the leading strand?

    <p>5’-3’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occupies the major and minor grooves of the DNA molecule?

    <p>Histones and other proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of learning objectives in DNA replication?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ultraviolet rays on thymine nucleotides?

    <p>Formation of thymine dimer or cyclobutane ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why benzo[a]pyrene is not carcinogenic on its own?

    <p>It does not oxidize within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for excising a damaged base from the sugar-phosphate backbone in base-excision repair?

    <p>DNA glycosylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of benzo[a]pyrene to guanine residues in DNA?

    <p>Interruption of hydrogen bonding in G-C base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease in base-excision repair?

    <p>To sever the DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in base-excision repair?

    <p>Repair of the gap with DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ultraviolet rays and DNA replication?

    <p>Ultraviolet rays inhibit DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxidation in the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene?

    <p>It allows benzo[a]pyrene to bind to DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the NH group of guanine binding to benzo[a]pyrene?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

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