Questions and Answers
What do the letters DNA stand for?
What are the monomers of DNA called?
Nucleotides
What are the two alternating components of the DNA backbone?
Sugar and phosphate
What are the four different types of nitrogen bases in DNA?
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Purines have ___ rings in their structure and pyrimidines have ___ rings.
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The two bases that are purines are ___ and ___.
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The two bases that are pyrimidines are ___ and ___.
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Based on the information, which base pairs with thymine?
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What type of bonds pair the nitrogen bases along the axis of the DNA molecule?
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?
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Which nucleotide component contains nitrogen?
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Name the four nitrogen bases found in DNA.
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What parts of the nucleotide make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
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What parts of the nucleotides make up the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
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The rungs of the DNA ladder are described as ___
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When one nucleotide contains adenine, what type of base is adenine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand?
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Base cytosine pairs with what?
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Study Notes
DNA Basics
- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, indicating it contains deoxyribose sugar and is a type of nucleic acid.
- DNA is a polymer made of repeating units known as nucleotides.
Structure of DNA
- The backbone of DNA comprises alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
- DNA is formed from four types of nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
- Adenine pairs with Thymine, while Guanine pairs with Cytosine, forming base pairs.
Types of Bases
- Purines have a two-ring structure; the purines in DNA are Adenine and Guanine.
- Pyrimidines have a one-ring structure; the pyrimidines in DNA are Cytosine and Thymine.
Base Pairing
- The complementary base pairing rules dictate that Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
- Hydrogen bonds hold the paired bases together along the axis of the DNA molecule.
Nucleotide Composition
- Each nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
- The nitrogenous base is the component of the nucleotide that contains nitrogen.
Ladder Analogy of DNA
- The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are formed by the nitrogen bases, while the "sides" of the ladder consist of the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups.
- The strands of DNA run antiparallel, meaning they orient in opposite directions.
Base Pair Properties
- If one nucleotide has Adenine, it pairs with Thymine on the opposite strand.
- Cytosine pairs with Guanine across the DNA strands.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of DNA, including its structure, nucleotide composition, and base pairing rules. This quiz covers important topics related to nucleic acids and their components.
