Biology Chapter: Taxonomy and Classification
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

  • Helminths
  • Bacteria (correct)
  • Algae
  • Fungi

    • Fungi and algae are classified as prokaryotes.

    False

    What is the broadest level of classification in the system of taxonomy?

    domains

    The system used to identify organisms based on genus and species names is called __________.

    <p>Binomial Nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the format for scientific names in Binomial Nomenclature?

    <p>Genus is capitalized, species is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classification levels with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Genus = A group of species that are closely related Species = The most specific level of classification Domain = The broadest category of life Taxonomy = The science of classification of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All microbes have a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured when writing scientific names of organisms?

    <p>They must be italicized or underlined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper way to write the name of an organism?

    <p>Italicized with the genus name capitalized and species name lowercase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prokaryotic definition of species refers to two organisms that can interbreed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bergey's manual used for?

    <p>A standard for different bacterial species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ theory states that cells are the fundamental unit of organisms.

    <p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist was the first to observe cells?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists to their contributions:

    <p>Robert Hooke = First to see structures now known as cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek = First to see microorganisms Louis Pasteur = Developed pasteurization Gregory Mendel = Father of genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek referred to microorganisms as __________.

    <p>animalcules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in the definition of species between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>Eukaryotic species can interbreed, while prokaryotic species consist of a population of similar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key point in Pasteur’s experiment that allowed him to defeat spontaneous generation?

    <p>Separated microbes from air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Louis Pasteur created an S-curve neck flask to allow microbes to enter freely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pasteur do to verify that microbes can grow in the broth?

    <p>Tipped the flask to allow microbes to interact with the broth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that all cells only come from other __________ cells is known as biogenesis.

    <p>pre-existing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions to the theory of biogenesis:

    <p>Robert Remak = First published evidence to support biogenesis Rudolf Virchow = Popularized the theory of biogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the curve in Pasteur's flask?

    <p>To trap microbes using gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aseptic technique is used to encourage contamination in laboratory cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Pasteur's experiment, __________ was used to kill the microbes in the broth.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist hypothesized that maggots appeared on decaying meat because flies laid eggs in it?

    <p>Francesco Redi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Francesco Redi proved that spontaneous generation is true through his experiments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Needham do in his experiment to attempt to prove spontaneous generation?

    <p>He poured broth in a flask, briefly boiled it, and then sealed the flask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Francesco Redi used __________ instead of cork to seal his jars in a later experiment.

    <p>mesh cloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment?

    <p>No microbial growth in the broth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The opposition argued that Spallanzani's sealing of flasks suffocated the vital force needed for life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main issue with Redi's and Spallanzani's experiments was that they could not account for __________.

    <p>microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientists with their contributions to the spontaneous generation debate:

    <p>Francesco Redi = Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation through meat experiment John Needham = Attempted to prove spontaneous generation with broth Lazzaro Spallanzani = Further tested Needham's findings and disproved spontaneous generation for broth Louis Pasteur = Conducted experiments that conclusively disproved spontaneous generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The germ theory states that some microorganisms can cause __________ diseases.

    <p>infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that physicians were transferring the causative agent of puerperal fever to patients?

    <p>Ignaz Semmelweis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Louis Pasteur developed the concept of pasteurization to prevent microbial growth in food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What series of postulates did Robert Koch propose to correlate a specific microbe to a specific disease?

    <p>Koch's postulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their contributions to germ theory:

    <p>Ignaz Semmelweis = Hand washing to prevent puerperal fever Louis Pasteur = Pasteurization and germ theory foundation Joseph Lister = Cleanliness during surgery Robert Koch = Koch's postulates and anthrax research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with proving that bacteria could cause disease?

    <p>Robert Koch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joseph Lister insisted on __________ cleanliness during surgery to decrease post-surgical infections.

    <p>maintaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joseph Lister was not successful in applying the germ theory during surgeries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases did Louis Pasteur develop vaccines against?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edward Jenner was the first to develop a vaccine using cowpox to protect against smallpox.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of salvarsan in medical history?

    <p>It was the first effective treatment for syphilis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of vaccination involves using a less virulent pathogen to protect against a more __________ pathogen.

    <p>virulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientist with their discovery or contribution:

    <p>Edward Jenner = First vaccination using cowpox Louis Pasteur = Vaccines for rabies and anthrax Paul Ehrlich = Concept of magic bullet Alexander Fleming = Discovery of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'magic bullet' refer to in medical science?

    <p>A chemical that kills pathogens without harming the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penicillin was discovered intentionally during a scientific experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathogen is used in vaccination?

    <p>A less virulent pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiology Introduction

    • Microorganisms: Tiny organisms needing a microscope to be seen
    • Microbiology: The study of these small organisms
    • Pathogen: Microorganisms causing disease
    • Non-pathogenic roles: Industrial applications (e.g., biofuels, medicine), food production (e.g., alcohol, bread, cheese), and symbiotic relationships (e.g., microbes in the human body)
    • Seven types of microorganisms:
      • Prokaryotes: Lack a nucleus
        • Bacteria: Unicellular organisms found widely; diverse metabolism
        • Archaea: Unicellular organisms thriving in extreme environments
      • Eukaryotes: Have a nucleus
        • Algae: Plant-like organisms (unicellular or multicellular)
        • Fungi: Unicellular (e.g., yeast) or multicellular (e.g., molds, mushrooms) organisms
        • Protozoa: Unicellular organisms with diverse metabolisms
        • Helminths: Multicellular animal parasites
      • Virus: Acellular; containing only proteins and genetic material

    Classification of Microbes

    • Taxonomy: The science classifying, describing and naming living organisms
    • Domains: The broadest classification level in taxonomy includes:
      • Bacteria: Prokaryotes
      • Archaea: Prokaryotes
      • Eukarya: Eukaryotes
    • Binomial Nomenclature: System for classifying organisms using genus and species names (e.g., Bacillus cereus or B. cereus)

    A Brief History of Microbiology

    • Cell Theory: Cells are the fundamental units of organisms
      • Hooke: First to observe cells (using cork)
      • van Leeuwenhoek: First to see microorganisms
    • Spontaneous Generation: The disproven idea that living things can arise from non-living matter.
      • Redi: Showed maggots from flies, not spontaneous generation on meat.
      • Needham: Tried but failed to disprove a theory with broth; microorganisms present.
      • Spallanzani: Tried to disprove the theory using broth.
      • Pasteur Confirmed that spontaneous generation is not a valid theory; creating an S-curve neck flask.
    • Aseptic Technique: Methods to prevent contamination (e.g., hand washing, sterile procedures)
    • Biogenesis: The theory stating that cells only arise from pre-existing cells (e.g., cells come from other cells)
      • Semmelweis: Noted the physicians transferring causes of fever/disease.
      • Pasteur: Showed microorganisms caused food spoilage. This led to pasteurization.
      • Lister: Practiced handwashing and cleanliness to avoid infections
      • Koch: Demonstrated bacteria causing disease with the Koch's postulates which are used to correlate a specific microbe to a specific disease.

    Vaccination

    • Vaccination: Using a less harmful pathogen to protect against a more dangerous one.
      • Jenner: Created the first vaccination against smallpox using cowpox.
      • Pasteur: Developed vaccines against rabies, anthrax, and cholera.

    Magic Bullet

    • Magic Bullet: A chemical that can destroy pathogens without harming the host.
      • Ehrlich: Came up with the concept and found the chemical salvarsan to treat syphilis.
      • Fleming: Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, by chance.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    BIOL 2401 Unit 1 Microbiology PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the classification of organisms, including prokaryotes and the principles of taxonomy. This quiz will cover essential concepts like binomial nomenclature, microbial classification, and significant contributions from key scientists in biology. Perfect for students studying biological classification systems.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser