Biology Classification and Taxonomy Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria?

classification

Who created Linnaeus's System?

Carolus Linnaeus

What discipline of biology is primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships?

taxonomy

What system gives each species a scientific name that has two parts?

binomial nomenclature Signup and view all the answers

What is a named group of organisms called?

taxon Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor?

genus Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the next higher taxon or genus, consisting of similar, related genera?

family Signup and view all the answers

What taxonomic rank contains related families?

order Signup and view all the answers

What taxonomic rank contains related orders?

class Signup and view all the answers

What taxonomic rank contains related classes?

phylum or division Signup and view all the answers

What is composed of related phyla or divisions?

kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What taxonomic rank is the broadest of all and contains one or more kingdoms?

domain Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains?

bacteria, archaea, eukarya Signup and view all the answers

What are the six kingdoms?

eubacteria, archaea, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia Signup and view all the answers

What type of prokaryotes has cell walls containing peptidoglycan?

bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What are prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan?

archaea Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a cell divides into two genetically identical cells?

binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when two prokaryotes combine genetic information via pili?

conjugation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of bacteria?

cocci, bacilli, spirochetes Signup and view all the answers

What is a dormant bacteria cell able to survive for long periods under harsh environmental conditions called?

survival endospore Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonliving strand of genetic material within a protein coat called?

virus Signup and view all the answers

The host cell makes copies of the viral DNA or RNA and extra protein capsids; what is this process called?

lytic cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which cycle is associated with the integration of viral DNA into a host's DNA?

lysogenic cycle Signup and view all the answers

What kind of virus contains RNA instead of DNA?

retrovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is a protein that can cause infection or disease called?

prion Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are classified as Protists?

eukaryotic Signup and view all the answers

What describes heterotrophic, unicellular, animal-like protists?

protozoan Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly known as algae and primarily consists of autotrophs?

plant-like protists Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of fungi?

eukaryotic, absorb nutrients from organic materials Signup and view all the answers

What structure in fungi is the reproductive structure that appears above ground?

fruiting body Signup and view all the answers

What term describes specialized hyphae that grow into a host's tissue to feed?

haustoria Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way for scientific names to be written?

genus name first, then species name Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics an organism must have to be a member of Kingdom Protista?

eukaryotic that are either plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification and Taxonomy

Classification groups organisms based on shared characteristics.
Carolus Linnaeus developed the first formal classification system.
Taxonomy identifies, names, and categorizes species based on natural relationships.
Binomial nomenclature assigns a two-part scientific name: genus and species.
A taxon refers to any group of organisms that share a common identity.

Taxonomic Ranks

Genus includes closely related species sharing a common ancestor.
Family comprises related genera.
Order consists of related families.
Class encompasses related orders.
Phylum (or division) contains related classes.
Kingdom includes multiple phyla or divisions.
Domain is the broadest taxon category, incorporating one or more kingdoms.

Domains and Kingdoms

Three domains exist: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Six kingdoms include: Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
Domain Bacteria represents prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls.
Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes without peptidoglycan, found in extreme conditions.
Domain Eukarya features eukaryotes, which can be unicellular or multicellular.

Characteristics of Domains and Kingdoms

Kingdom Fungi consists of eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients and lack mobility.
Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls.
Kingdom Animalia contains multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls, organized into tissues.

Bacterial Structure and Reproduction

Bacteria are microscopic prokaryotes characterized by structures like nucleoid, pili, capsule, and flagella.
Bacterial chromosomes are circular and found in the nucleoid.
Binary fission is the process by which bacteria replicate into two genetically identical cells.
Conjugation involves the exchange of genetic material between two bacterial cells.

Bacterial Metabolism and Survival

Bacteria can be photoautotrophs (photosynthesis), chemoautotrophs (chemosynthesis), aerobes (require oxygen), or anaerobes (do not need oxygen).
Survival endospores allow bacteria to endure harsh environmental conditions.

Viruses

Viruses consist of a nonliving strand of genetic material encased in a protein coat (capsid).
The lytic cycle involves immediate viral gene expression after infection, resulting in new virus assembly and host cell lysis.
The lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into the host's genome, remaining dormant before triggering the lytic cycle.
Retroviruses contain RNA and exhibit complex replication cycles.

Prions and Protists

Prions are infectious proteins that can cause disease and cause other proteins to mutate.
Protists are diverse eukaryotes that can behave as plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like organisms, often living in aquatic environments.

Fungi Characteristics

Fungi are eukaryotic, with cell walls made of chitin and lacking chloroplasts.
Reproduction occurs asexually (budding, fragmentation) and sexually (spore production).
Fungi obtain nutrients as saprophytes (decomposers), parasites, or mutualists associated with plants.

Nutritional Modes of Fungi

Saprophytic fungi decompose dead organic material.
Parasitic fungi feed on living cells, using specialized hyphae called haustoria to penetrate host tissues.
Mutualistic fungi benefit from symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in nutrient absorption.

Classification Criteria

Organisms are classified based on cell type and structure.
Protistas are eukaryotic and cannot form organs, distinguishing them in the biological classification system.
Viruses lack cellular structure, leading to their exclusion from traditional biological classification.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of classification and taxonomy in biology. This quiz covers the foundational concepts developed by Carolus Linnaeus and explores the hierarchical taxonomy levels from domain to species. Challenge yourself on the classifications of organisms and their taxonomic ranks!