Biology Chapter on Cell Processes and Genetics
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Questions and Answers

Where does cellular respiration primarily occur in the cell?

  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • What is the relationship between the equations of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

  • They are identical.
  • Cellular respiration occurs without photosynthesis.
  • Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis. (correct)
  • They both produce glucose.
  • How many ATP are produced during Glycolysis?

  • 3 ATP
  • 1 ATP
  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 4 ATP
  • Which of the following are the two primary types of nucleic acids?

    <p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?

    <p>Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with Guanine (G)?

    <p>Cytosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bases is classified as a purine?

    <p>Guanine (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells need to replicate DNA?

    <p>To ensure daughter cells receive complete genetic instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature that distinguishes DNA from RNA?

    <p>Number of strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transcription?

    <p>To convert DNA into RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during translation in a cell?

    <p>Proteins are synthesized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a normal human body cell?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are somatic cells?

    <p>Body cells excluding reproductive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of mitosis?

    <p>Two identical daughter cells are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cancer cell differ from a normal cell?

    <p>Cancer cells grow uncontrollably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are gametes?

    <p>Sex cells involved in reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does meiosis result in?

    <p>Four genetically unique daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the observable traits of an organism?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately compares mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis includes two rounds of division, while mitosis includes one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a trait?

    <p>Homozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a genetic cross, what do the terms 'dominant' and 'recessive' refer to?

    <p>How alleles express themselves in the phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a heterozygous father (Bb) has offspring with a homozygous recessive mother (bb), what percentage of the offspring will display the dominant phenotype?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following combinations represents a heterozygous genotype?

    <p>bB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does passive transport require energy to move a substance across the cell membrane?

    <p>No, it does not require energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hypertonic solution?

    <p>Higher solute concentration outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypotonic' refer to?

    <p>Lower solute concentration outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the shrinking of a cell due to water loss?

    <p>Plasmolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an isotonic solution?

    <p>Equal solute concentration inside and outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Sorting and shipping proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Controlling the entry and exit of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>Generating chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to enzymes when exposed to extreme high temperatures?

    <p>They lose their shape and stop functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes?

    <p>They stabilize the transition state to lower activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of denature?

    <p>To deprive of natural qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the cell theory?

    <p>Cells are the smallest units of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?

    <p>A hypothesis is something researched before an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>A variable that is not influenced by other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with living organisms?

    <p>Static existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of macromolecule are enzymes made from?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis take place within plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Light energy is converted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is often referred to as the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>Light-independent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Passive Transport

    • Passive transport does not require energy.

    Solutions

    • Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration outside the cell
    • Hypotonic: Lower solute concentration outside the cell
    • Isotonic: Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell

    Plasmolysis

    • Plasmolysis is the process of cell shrinkage due to water loss.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cellular respiration, nucleic acids, and cell division with this quiz. Covering topics from glycolysis to meiosis, it also explores DNA replication and cellular functions. Ideal for students studying biology at various levels.

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