Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is formed from the catabolism of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
2
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
3 NADH + 1 ATP + 1 FADH2 + 2 CO2
What is the net gain of glycolysis?
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What are the inputs into glycolysis?
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What are the outputs from glycolysis?
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What does the electron transport chain achieve?
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During the energy investment phase, what is the result of the reaction: Glucose + 2 ATP = ?
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During the energy payoff phase, what is produced from the reaction: 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P + 4 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ --> ?
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What is glycolysis?
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How much energy in the form of ATP and NADH is obtained by glycolysis?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis Overview
- Glycolysis splits glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), ultimately producing two pyruvate molecules.
- The process consists of two main phases: energy investment and energy payoff.
Energy Investment Phase
- Starts with glucose and requires 2 ATP.
- Results in the formation of 2 G3P and 2 ADP.
Energy Payoff Phase
- Involves the conversion of 2 G3P into 2 pyruvate.
- Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 H+.
Inputs and Outputs of Glycolysis
- Inputs: Glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP, 2 Pi.
- Outputs: 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, and 4 ATP.
- Net gain: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate through decarboxylation, oxidation, and bonding with coenzyme A.
- Products per cycle: 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, and 2 CO2.
Electron Transport Chain
- Utilizes NADH and FADH2 for ATP production through an electrochemical gradient of H+ ions.
- The process is known as chemiosmosis, where H+ ions diffuse back through ATP synthase to produce ATP.
Energy Yield of Glycolysis
- The process yields approximately 500 kJ of energy in the form of ATP and NADH.
- Glycolysis produces 2 NADH molecules.
Overall Energy Considerations
- Organisms rely on glycolysis as a crucial metabolic pathway for energy production in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the inputs and outputs of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, photophosphorylation, and the Calvin cycle. This quiz covers key concepts and definitions related to energy metabolism in cells.
