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What are the fundamental principles describing cell structure and function?
What are the fundamental principles describing cell structure and function?
Cell Theory
What type of cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
What type of cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic Cells
What is the process called where cells develop distinct functions?
What is the process called where cells develop distinct functions?
Cell Specialization
What is the term used for a single-celled organism that carries out all necessary life processes?
What is the term used for a single-celled organism that carries out all necessary life processes?
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How do cells within a multicellular organism develop different functions?
How do cells within a multicellular organism develop different functions?
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What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
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What model describes the cell membrane as dynamic and varied?
What model describes the cell membrane as dynamic and varied?
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What is the two-layered arrangement of phospholipids in membranes called?
What is the two-layered arrangement of phospholipids in membranes called?
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What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
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What type of transport moves substances across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy?
What type of transport moves substances across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy?
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What is the process called that moves molecules across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
What is the process called that moves molecules across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?
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What is defined as the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
What is defined as the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
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What is the process called that moves molecules or ions across a cell membrane without using energy?
What is the process called that moves molecules or ions across a cell membrane without using energy?
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What is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane called?
What is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane called?
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What type of solution has a higher solute concentration outside the cell?
What type of solution has a higher solute concentration outside the cell?
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What type of solution has equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell?
What type of solution has equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell?
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What type of transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient?
What type of transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient?
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What is the process of engulfing substances into the cell called?
What is the process of engulfing substances into the cell called?
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What is the process of expelling substances from the cell called?
What is the process of expelling substances from the cell called?
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What type of endocytosis is used for large particles?
What type of endocytosis is used for large particles?
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What type of endocytosis is used for liquids?
What type of endocytosis is used for liquids?
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What type of protein acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in living cells?
What type of protein acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in living cells?
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What type of protein recognizes and adheres to ligand molecules on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm?
What type of protein recognizes and adheres to ligand molecules on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm?
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What type of membrane protein moves molecules across a cell membrane?
What type of membrane protein moves molecules across a cell membrane?
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What type of protein allows specific substances to pass through a cell membrane?
What type of protein allows specific substances to pass through a cell membrane?
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What are markers that help cells identify other cells and foreign invaders called?
What are markers that help cells identify other cells and foreign invaders called?
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What cell organelle is filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in a cell?
What cell organelle is filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Fundamental principles describing cell structure and function.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Specialization
- Cells developing distinct functions within a multicellular organism.
Unicellular Organisms
- One cell performing all functions necessary for survival.
Cell Specialization (Multi-cellular organisms)
- Cells throughout a multicellular organism are specialized to perform specific tasks.
Cell Membrane Function
- Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
Fluid Mosaic Model
- Describes the cell membrane as a dynamic, diverse structure.
Lipid Bilayer
- Two layers of phospholipids forming the cell membrane's basic structure.
Active Transport
- Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.
Passive Transport
- Movement of substances across a cell membrane from high to low concentration without energy input.
Diffusion
- Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Facilitated Transport
- Passive transport aided by carrier proteins.
Osmosis
- Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Hypertonic Solution
- Higher solute concentration outside the cell.
Isotonic Solution
- Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
Hypotonic Solution
- Lower solute concentration outside the cell.
Molecular Transport
- Active transport of ions or molecules using carrier proteins and ATP.
Endocytosis
- Process of bringing substances into the cell by engulfing them.
Exocytosis
- Process of releasing substances from the cell by fusing vesicles with the membrane.
Phagocytosis
- Endocytosis of large particles.
Pinocytosis
- Endocytosis of liquids.
Enzymatic Proteins
- Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions within a cell.
Receptor Proteins
- Proteins that bind to specific molecules (ligands).
Carrier Proteins
- Proteins that transport specific molecules across the membrane.
Channel Proteins
- Proteins that form channels through the membrane to allow specific substances passage.
Cell Recognition Proteins
- Proteins that identify cells and foreign invaders.
Lysosome
- Cell organelle containing enzymes for breaking down materials.
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Description
Explore the fundamental principles of cell theory, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz also covers topics like cell specialization, transport mechanisms, and the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane. Test your knowledge on the various types of cells and their functions within living organisms.
